Close-mid front rounded vowel

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox IPA Template:IPA vowels

The close-mid front rounded vowel, or high-mid front rounded vowel,<ref>Template:Vowel terminology</ref> is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages.

The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the sound is Template:Angbr IPA, a lowercase letter o with a diagonal stroke through it, borrowed from Danish, Norwegian, and Faroese, which sometimes use the letter to represent the sound. This sound is represented by the [[Ø|letter Template:Angbr]] in those languages of Scandinavia; by the digraphs [[List of Latin-script digraphs#E|Template:Angbr]] and [[List of Latin-script digraphs#Other|Template:Angbr]] (using the [[Œ|Template:Angbr]] ligature) in French; and by [[Ö|Template:Angbr]] in several languages, including the North Germanic languages Swedish and Icelandic, and the Finno-Ugric languages Estonian and Finnish. The symbol is commonly referred to as a "slashed o" in English.

For the close-mid front rounded vowel that is usually transcribed with the symbol Template:Angbr IPA, see near-close front rounded vowel. If the usual symbol is Template:Angbr IPA, the vowel is listed here.

Close-mid front compressed vowel

The close-mid front compressed vowel is typically transcribed in IPA simply as Template:Angbr IPA, which is the convention used in this article. There is no dedicated diacritic for compression in the IPA. However, the compression of the lips can be shown with the letter Template:IPAalink as Template:Angbr IPA (simultaneous Template:IPA and labial compression) or Template:Angbr IPA (Template:IPA modified with labial compression). The spread-lip diacritic Template:Angbr IPA may also be used with a rounded vowel letter Template:Angbr IPA as an ad hoc symbol, but 'spread' technically means unrounded.

For the close-mid front compressed vowel that is usually transcribed with the symbol Template:Angbr IPA, see near-close front compressed vowel. If the usual symbol is Template:Angbr IPA, the vowel is listed here.

Features

Template:Close-mid vowel Template:Front vowel Template:Compressed vowel

File:Spectrogram close-mid front rounded vowel (IPA ø).png
Spectrogram of Template:IPA

Template:Clear

Occurrence

Because front rounded vowels are assumed to have compression, and few descriptions cover the distinction, some of the following may actually have protrusion.

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Asturian Some Western dialects<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Template:Lang Template:IPA 'outside' Realization of Template:Angbr in the diphthong Template:Angbr. May also be realized as Template:IPAblink or Template:IPAblink.
Cabrales (East) Template:Lang Template:IPA 'outside' Realization of Template:Angbr in the diphthong Template:Angbr. May also be realized as Template:IPAblink or Template:IPAblink.
Bavarian Amstetten dialect<ref name="tm82">Template:Harvcoltxt, cited in Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> Template:Example needed Contrasts close Template:IPAblink, near-close Template:IPAblink, close-mid Template:IPA and open-mid Template:IPAblink front rounded vowels in addition to the open central unrounded Template:IPAblink.<ref name="tm82"/> Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA.
NorthernTemplate:Sfnp Template:Example needed Allophone of Template:IPA before Template:IPA.Template:Sfnp
BretonTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'hour'
Chechen Template:Lang / Template:Lang Template:IPA 'hamster'
Danish StandardTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'buy' Also described as near-close Template:IPAblink.<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt, cited in Template:Harvcoltxt.</ref> See Danish phonology
DjeoromitxiTemplate:Sfnp Template:IPA 'man'
Dutch Standard BelgianTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:Audio-IPA 'nose' Also described as central Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp In the Standard Northern variety, it is diphthongized to Template:IPA.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp See Dutch phonology
Many accentsTemplate:Sfnp Present in many Eastern and Southern varieties.Template:Sfnp See Dutch phonology
English Broad New ZealandTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp bird Template:IPA 'bird' Possible realization of Template:IPA. Other speakers use a more open vowel Template:IPA.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp See New Zealand English phonology
CardiffTemplate:Sfnp Lower Template:IPA in other southern Welsh accents. It corresponds to mid central unrounded Template:IPAblink in other Welsh accents and in RP.Template:SfnpTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp
Port TalbotTemplate:Sfnp
GeordieTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp Can be mid central unrounded Template:IPAblink instead.Template:Sfnp
South AfricanTemplate:Sfnp Used in General and Broad accents; may be mid Template:IPAblink instead. In the Cultivated variety, it is realized as mid central unrounded Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp See South African English phonology
EstonianTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'work' See Estonian phonology
Faroese Suðuroy dialectTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'bridges' Realization of unstressed Template:IPA and Template:IPA.Template:Sfnp The stressed vowel typically transcribed with Template:Angbr IPA in IPA transcriptions of Faroese is open-mid Template:IPAblink.<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt, cited in Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> See Faroese phonology
FrenchTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:Audio-IPA 'few' See French phonology
German StandardTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:Audio-IPA 'beautiful' See Standard German phonology
Southern accentsTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'hell' Common realization of Template:IPA in Southern Germany, Switzerland and Austria.Template:Sfnp See Standard German phonology
HungarianTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'woman' See Hungarian phonology
IaaiTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'to close eyes'
KurdishTemplate:Sfnp Palewani (Southern) Template:Lang/sör Template:IPA 'wedding' See Kurdish phonology
Lemerig<ref>François (2013), p. 207.</ref> Template:Lang Template:IPA 'forget'
Limburgish Most dialectsTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'beech' Central Template:IPAblink in Maastricht;Template:Sfnp the example word is from the Hamont-Achel dialect.
Lombard Lombardy <ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref> Template:Lang / Template:Lang Template:IPA 'new' One of the phonetic pronunciations of the classic lombard orthography trigraph 'oeu', along with [ø], modern orthography uses 'ö' to distinguish it from the [œ] phoneme that is rendered by letter 'œ'.
Low GermanTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang / Template:Lang Template:IPA 'son' May be realized as a narrow closing diphthong in certain dialects.Template:Sfnp
Löyöp<ref>François (2013), p. 226.</ref> Template:Lang Template:IPA 'place haunted by spirits'
LuxembourgishTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'stupid' Occurs only in loanwords.Template:Sfnp See Luxembourgish phonology
Portuguese Micaelense<ref>Variação Linguística no Português Europeu: O Caso do Português dos Açores Template:In lang</ref> Template:Lang Template:IPA 'ox' Allophone of Template:IPAslink. See Portuguese phonology
Some European speakers<ref>Lista das marcas dialetais e outros fenómenos de variação (fonética e fonológica) identificados nas amostras do Arquivo Dialetal do CLUP Template:In lang</ref> Template:Lang Template:IPA 'I give'
Ripuarian CologneTemplate:Sfnp Mösch Template:IPA 'sparrow' Can also appear long, as in pröve [pʁøː¹və] 'test'.
Saterland FrisianTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'gutter' Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. Phonetically, it is nearly identical to Template:IPA (Template:IPAblink). The vowel typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA is actually near-close Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp
WariʼTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'capybara' Rare; for some speakers, it is evolving into Template:IPAblink in open syllables and Template:IPAblink in closed ones.Template:Sfnp
West Frisian HindeloopersTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA Template:Fix Diphthongized to Template:IPA in Standard West Frisian.Template:Sfnp See West Frisian phonology
Wu ShanghaineseTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang / Template:Lang Template:IPA 'safety'

Close-mid front protruded vowel

Template:Infobox IPA

Catford notesTemplate:Full citation needed that most languages with rounded front and back vowels use distinct types of labialization, protruded back vowels and compressed front vowels. However, a few, such as the Scandinavian languages, have protruded front vowels. One of them, Swedish, even contrasts the two types of rounding in front vowels (see near-close near-front rounded vowel, with Swedish examples of both types of rounding).

As there are no diacritics in the IPA to distinguish protruded and compressed rounding, an old diacritic for labialization, Template:Angbr IPA, will be used here as an ad hoc symbol for protruded front vowels. Another possible transcription is Template:Angbr IPA or Template:Angbr IPA (a close-mid front vowel modified by endolabialization), but that could be misread as a diphthong.

For the close-mid front protruded vowel that is usually transcribed with the symbol Template:Angbr IPA, see near-close front protruded vowel. If the usual symbol is Template:Angbr IPA, the vowel is listed here.

Acoustically, the sound is in between the more typical compressed close-mid front vowel Template:IPA and the unrounded close-mid front vowel Template:IPAblink.

Features

Template:Close-mid vowel Template:Front vowel Template:Protruded vowel

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
NorwegianTemplate:Sfnp<ref>While Template:Harvcoltxt does not describe the exact type of rounding of this vowel, some other sources (e.g. Template:Harvcoltxt) state explicitly that it is protruded.</ref> Template:Lang Template:IPA 'sweet' The example word is from Urban East Norwegian, in which the vowel has also been described as central Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp See Norwegian phonology
Swedish Central StandardTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:Audio-IPA 'to die' Often a centering diphthong (as in Template:Audio-IPA). See Swedish phonology

See also

Notes

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References

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