Open-mid front rounded vowel

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox IPA Template:IPA vowels

The open-mid front rounded vowel, or low-mid front rounded vowel,<ref>Template:Vowel terminology</ref> is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the sound is Template:Angbr IPA. The symbol œ is a lowercase ligature of the letters o and e. The letter Template:Angbr IPA, a small capital version of the Template:Angbr ligature, is used for a different vowel sound: the open front rounded vowel.

Open-mid front compressed vowel

The open-mid front compressed vowel is typically transcribed in IPA simply as Template:Angbr IPA, which is the convention used in this article. There is no dedicated IPA diacritic for compression. However, the compression of the lips can be shown by the letter Template:IPAalink as Template:Angbr IPA (simultaneous Template:IPA and labial compression) or Template:Angbr IPA (Template:IPA modified with labial compression). The spread-lip diacritic Template:Angbr IPA may also be used with a rounded vowel letter Template:Angbr IPA as an ad hoc symbol, but 'spread' technically means unrounded.

Features

Template:Open-mid vowel Template:Front vowel Template:Compressed vowel

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Occurrence

Because front rounded vowels are assumed to have compression, and few descriptions cover the distinction, some of the following may actually have protrusion.

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Asturian Some Western dialects<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Template:Lang Template:IPA 'outside' Realization of Template:Angbr in the diphthong Template:Angbr. May also be realized as Template:IPAblink or Template:IPAblink.
Azeri North Azerbaijani Template:Lang Template:IPA 'purple'
Bavarian Amstetten dialect<ref name="tm82">Template:Harvcoltxt, cited in Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> Template:Lang Template:IPA 'rope' Contrasts close Template:IPAblink, near-close Template:IPAblink, close-mid Template:IPAblink and open-mid Template:IPA front rounded vowels in addition to the open central unrounded Template:IPAblink.<ref name="tm82"/> Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA.
NorthernTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'I'd help' Allophone of Template:IPA before Template:IPA.Template:Sfnp
Breton All speakersTemplate:Sfnp leur Template:IPA 'floor' Short counterpart of Template:IPAslink.Template:Sfnp May be transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA.
Bas-LéonTemplate:Sfnp Template:Example needed Long; contrasts with the short open-mid Template:IPA and the long close-mid Template:IPAslink. Other speakers have only one mid front rounded vowel Template:IPAslink.Template:Sfnp
BuwalTemplate:Sfnp Template:IPA 'fine' Allophone of Template:IPA when adjacent to a labialized consonant.Template:Sfnp
Catalan Capcinès Template:Lang Template:IPA 'Moon' Realization [œ] of “u” in Capcir.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> See Catalan phonology.
Chinese Cantonese Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'long' See Cantonese phonology
Lombard Lombard Template:Lang Template:IPA 'boy','man' Occurs naturally in the language, most frequently in western and northern regions, alternating with ø in many words, and rendered under the letter 'œ', while [ø] is under the letter ö.
Danish StandardTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'to do' Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See Danish phonology
Dutch StandardTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:Audio-IPA 'manoeuvre' Occurs only in a few loanwords.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp See Dutch phonology
Some speakersTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'perfume' Nasalized; occurs only in a few loanwords and it is used mainly in southern accents. Often nativized as Template:IPA.Template:Sfnp See Dutch phonology
The Hague dialectTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'out' Corresponds to Template:IPA in standard Dutch.Template:Sfnp See Dutch phonology
English General New ZealandTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp bird Template:IPA 'bird' May be mid Template:IPAblink instead. In broader varieties, it is close-mid or higher.Template:SfnpTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See New Zealand English phonology
ScouseTemplate:Sfnp Possible realization of the merged Template:Sc2–Template:Sc2 vowel Template:IPA.Template:Sfnp
Southern WelshTemplate:Sfnp Also described as mid Template:IPAblinkTemplate:Sfnp and close-mid Template:IPAblink.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp
General South AfricanTemplate:Sfnp go Template:IPA 'go' Some speakers. Can be a diphthong of the type Template:IPA~Template:IPA instead. Other South African varieties do not monophthongize. See South African English phonology
FrenchTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:Audio-IPA 'young' See French phonology
Galician<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Template:Lang Template:IPA ˈweek' Labialization of pre-tonic Template:IPA, which is usually realized as Template:IPA
German StandardTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'hell' See Standard German phonology
Western Swiss accentsTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'beautiful' Close-mid Template:IPAblink in other accents.Template:Sfnp See Standard German phonology
Limburgish Many dialectsTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'sleeve' Central Template:IPAblink in Maastricht;Template:Sfnp the example word is from the Hasselt dialect.
Low GermanTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang / Template:Lang Template:IPA 'six'
Espírito Santo East PomeranianTemplate:Sfnp Template:IPA 'hell'
Saterland FrisianTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'to rear'
West Frisian HindeloopersTemplate:Sfnp Template:Example needed See West Frisian phonology
SúdwesthoekskTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'school'

Open-mid front protruded vowel

Template:Infobox IPA

Catford notesTemplate:Full citation needed that most languages with rounded front and back vowels use distinct types of labialization, protruded back vowels and compressed front vowels. However, a few, such as Scandinavian languages, have protruded front vowels. One Scandinavian language, Swedish, even contrasts the two types of rounding in front vowels (see near-close front rounded vowel, with Swedish examples of both types of rounding).

As there are no diacritics in the IPA to distinguish protruded and compressed rounding, an old diacritic for labialization, Template:Angbr IPA, will be used here as an ad hoc symbol for protruded front vowels. Another possible transcription is Template:Angbr IPA or Template:Angbr IPA (an open-mid front vowel modified by endolabialization), but it could be misread as a diphthong.

Acoustically, the sound is "between" the more typical compressed open-mid front vowel Template:IPA and the unrounded open-mid front vowel Template:IPAblink.

Features

Template:Open-mid vowel Template:Front vowel Template:Protruded vowel

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
NorwegianTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'nut' The example word is from Urban East Norwegian, in which the vowel has also been described as mid central Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp See Norwegian phonology
Swedish Central StandardTemplate:SfnpTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:Audio-IPA 'ear' Allophone of Template:IPA and most often also Template:IPA before Template:IPA.Template:SfnpTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp May be more open Template:IPA for younger speakers from Stockholm.Template:Sfnp See Swedish phonology
Younger Stockholm speakersTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'to buy' Higher Template:IPAblink for other speakers. See Swedish phonology

Notes

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References

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