Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul

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Early life and career

Wieczorek-Zeul (pronounced VEE‐choreck TSOIL)<ref>Craig R. Whitney (27 September 1976), A 'Young Socialist' Assails but Fights for Schmidt New York Times.</ref> began her career as a teacher 1965–1974 at Friedrich Ebert School and 1977–1978 at Georg Büchner School in Rüsselsheim am Main, and subsequently served as Chairwoman of the European Coordination Bureau of International Youth Organizations from 1977 to 1979.<ref>Senior leaders join Kofi Annan’s Electoral Integrity Initiative Template:Webarchive Kofi Annan Foundation, press release of 30 May 2016.</ref>

Political career

Early beginnings

Wieczorek-Zeul is a prominent figure of the Social Democrats' left wing and is often called "Red Heidi". From 1974 to 1977, she was the first woman to chair the Jusos (Young Socialists), the youth organisation of the SPD.<ref name="bmz.de">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In this capacity, she represented the party's then 350,000 members who were under 35.<ref name="nytimes.com">Craig R. Whitney (15 November 1975), Brandt and Schmidt Are Acclaimed in Party Votes New York Times.</ref> During her time as Juso chief, she drew headlines in 1975 by calling for limit of $2,000 a month on personal income.<ref name="nytimes.com"/>

From 1977 to 1979, she was President of the European Coordination Bureau of International Youth Organisation (a precursor to the modern European Youth Forum).

Member of the European Parliament, 1979–1987

Wieczorek-Zeul was elected Member of the European Parliament in the 1979 European elections, the first European elections to be held and also the first international election in history. During her time in Parliament, she was part of the Socialist Group.

Between 1979 and 1984, Wieczorek-Zeul served as vice-chairwoman of the Committee on External Economic Relations. From 1984 to 1987, she was a member of the Committee on Women's Rights. In addition to her committee assignments, she was a member of the Parliament’s delegation for relations with the Gulf States.

Member of the German Bundestag, 1987–2013

Wieczorek-Zeul first became a member of the Bundestag in the 1987 West German elections, where she joined the Committee on European Affairs. In this capacity, she served as the Social Democrat’s European policy spokeswoman.<ref>Thomas Klau (6 March 1996), SPD joins growing clamour for IGC action on unemployment European Voice.</ref>

After the resignation of party leader Björn Engholm in 1993, she stood for the Social Democrats' candidacy for the chancellor's office,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> but lost to Rudolf Scharping. Scharping won 40% of all votes cast by the party members, Schröder 33% and Wieczorek-Zeul 27%.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It was the first time the party members were asked to elect the new party leader directly. From 1993 to 2005, Wieczorek-Zeul served as deputy chairwoman of the SPD, under the leadership of successive chairmen Rudolf Scharping (1993–1995), Oskar Lafontaine (1995–1999), Gerhard Schröder (1999–2004) and Franz Müntefering (2004–2005).

From 2009 to 2013, Wieczorek-Zeul served on the Bundestag’s Committee on Foreign Affairs and as spokesperson of the SPD parliamentary group on the Subcommittee on the United Nations, International Organizations and Globalization.<ref name="kofiannanfoundation.org">Senior leaders join Kofi Annan’s Electoral Integrity Initiative Template:Webarchive Kofi Annan Foundation, press release of 30 May 2016.</ref>

Federal Minister of Economic Cooperation and Development, 1998–2009

First term

When Gerhard Schröder (SPD) became Chancellor following the 1998 elections, Wieczorek-Zeul was appointed Minister for Economic Cooperation and Development. At the time, her appointment was seen as underlining the importance attached to the issue by the Social Democrat/Green government.<ref>Gareth Harding (27 January 1999), German presidency intends to push for radical change in EU’s debt relief policy European Voice.</ref>

In her capacity as minister, Wieczorek-Zeul served as Member of the Broadcasting Board of Deutsche Welle; as Member of Board of Supervisory Directors of KfW; and as Member of the Board of Governors of the World Bank. She also participated in the preparations for the 25th G8 summit in 1999 and the 33rd G8 summit in 2007, both of which were hosted by Germany.<ref>Merkel's Plan for Saving the G8 Summit Bloomberg News, 5 June 2007.</ref> In her first years in office, she worked merged the 'Deutsche Stiftung für internationale Entwicklung (DSE)' and the 'Carl-Duisberg-Gesellschaft (CDG)' to create InWEnt, an institution with worldwide operations in the field of bilateral development cooperation and international cooperation, with a focus on capacity building.

During a meeting at Utstein Abbey on the west coast of Norway in 1999, Wieczorek-Zeul co-founded (along with fellow development ministers Eveline Herfkens, Clare Short and Hilde Frafjord Johnson) the Utstein Group, a partnership of donor countries working to make the UN development system more effective.<ref name="cgdev.org">2003 Commitment to Development Award Recipient: The Utstein Group Center for Global Development.</ref>

In an effort to make it easier for antiwar critics to back Schröder’s decision to send German Bundeswehr troops to Afghanistan in 2001, Wieczorek-Zeul and Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer announced a 256 million marks ($115 million) humanitarian-aid package for Afghan refugees.<ref>William Boston (15 November 2001), Germany's Schroeder Presses Coalition To Back Him With Vote of Confidence Wall Street Journal.</ref> In October 2001, she joined Schröder on a state visit to Pakistan for meetings with President Pervez Musharraf, where they revived economic assistance to the country in return for its support for the U.S.-led campaign against terrorism and in light of incoming refugee flows from Afghanistan.<ref>Markus Deggerich (29 October 2001), Schröder bei Musharraf: Der gekaufte Freund Spiegel Online.</ref><ref>Germany to resume aid to Pakistan United Press International, 28 October 2001.</ref> In 2004, she co-hosted an international donors' conference on Afghanistan in Berlin, during which Afghanistan received more than $8 billion in pledges for the years 2005 to 2007. By 2007, she called extension for the international armed forces in the country.<ref>Wieczorek-Zeul: „In Afghanistan bleiben“ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 28 October 2001.</ref>

In February 2003, Wieczorek-Zeul was one out of three cabinet members taking part in a march against the Iraq War in Berlin.<ref>John Hooper, Sophie Arie and Rory Carroll (15 February 2003), Protests across the world: Europe and Africa The Guardian.</ref>

On 16 August 2004, at the 100th anniversary of the start of the Herero and Namaqua Genocide, Wieczorek-Zeul, on behalf of the German government, officially apologized for the first time and expressed grief about the genocide, declaring, "We Germans accept our historic and moral responsibility and the guilt incurred by Germans at that time." In addition, she admitted that the massacres were equivalent to genocide. She ruled out paying special compensation, but promised continued economic aid for Namibia.<ref name="BBC08142004">Template:Cite news</ref>

Wieczorek-Zeul represented the German government at the funeral services for former Prime Minister of Japan Keizō Obuchi on 8 June 2000<ref>Attendees at the funeral service for former Prime Minister Keizo Obuchi Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan.</ref> and (alongside Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer) for Prime Minister of Serbia Zoran Đinđić on 16 March 2003.<ref>José Comas (16 March 2003), Belgrado vive su mayor funeral desde Tito El País.</ref>

Second term

Wieczorek-Zeul kept her office after Schröder's defeat in the 2005 elections and served in the first government Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2005 until 2009.

Wieczorek-Zeul initiated the EU's target of increasing its official development assistance (ODA) from 0.51 percent by 2010 to 0.7 percent of the GDP by 2015.<ref name="bmz.de"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore</ref> During her time in office, German ODA increased regularly and reached 13.9 billion US$ in disbursements in 2008, taking it to 0.38 percent of GNI.<ref>Herbert Bergmann (2009), Review of Prospects for Scaling up Germany’s Aid to Education UNESCO Education for All Global Monitoring Report.</ref>

In October 2007, Wieczorek-Zeul joined Merkel on her first official trip to Africa – including stops in Ethiopia, Liberia and South Africa –, during which they met with Nelson Mandela and Graça Machel, John Kufuor and Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, among others.<ref>Merkel trifft Mandela: „Bewegender Moment“ Handelsblatt, 6 October 2007.</ref> She also visited Kenya's sprawling slum at Mathare 4A, Kasarani District and virtually pitiedTemplate:Clarify Mathare 4A primary school, which had been invaded and harassed by squatters. Today, the old school has been replaced by a new Heidemarie (formally, Mathare 4A) Primary School, courtesy of the German Government through KfW Entwicklungsbank and the government of Kenya.

On 26 January 2009, Wieczorek-Zeul and Environment Minister Sigmar Gabriel chaired the conference which led to the founding of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA).<ref>International Renewable Energy Agency founded in Bonn International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA).</ref>

Under her leadership, Germany joined Austria and Switzerland in July 2009 in canceling €450 million ($630 million) in state export-loan guarantees for Turkey’s Ilısu Dam because Turkish plans to resettle towns and safeguard cultural treasures were not sufficient to meet World Bank standards.<ref>Jeremy van Loon (7 July 2009), Turkey Loses Dam Financing Over Environmental Concern Bloomberg News.</ref>

Wieczorek-Zeul also served on the Executive Board of the Socialist International (SI).

Role in international organizations

After Merkel formally launched the World Bank Group’s three-year Gender Action Plan in February 2007, Wieczorek-Zeul served as honorary co-chair (alongside Danny Leipziger) of the High Level Advisory Council on Women's Economic Empowerment and as Official Champion of the World Bank Group Gender Action Plan.<ref>World Bank Group Launches Online Library of Laws Impacting Women in Business International Finance Corporation, press release of 10 October 2008.</ref> Amid a 2007 leadership crisis at the Bank, Wieczorek-Zeul was a leading figure in the downfall of Paul Wolfowitz as president of the organization. At the time, Germany’s role was central partly because it held the EU presidency and also chaired the bank’s 24-nation Executive Board.<ref>Hugh Williamson and Daniel Dombey (17 May 2007), Europeans united in their determination that chief must go Financial Times.</ref> Wolfowitz was later replaced by Robert Zoellick.<ref>Krishna Guha and Eoin Callan (31 May 2007), Zoellick appeals to staff to put strife behind them Financial Times.</ref>

Alongside Chancellor Merkel, Wieczorek-Zeul co-hosted the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria replenishment conference in Berlin in September 2007.<ref>[1] The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, press release of 27 September 2007.</ref> During the conference, donor countries promised nearly $10 billion to the Fund for 2008–2010.<ref>Madeleine Chambers (27 September 2007), Donors pledge $10 billion to Global Fund Reuters.</ref>

In 2008, Wieczorek-Zeul served as Special Envoy of the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon for the International Conference on Financing for Development in Doha, Qatar.<ref>Official launch of negotiations on the draft outcome document for the International Conference on Financing for Development</ref> Between 2008 and 2009, she was part of a High-Level Taskforce on Innovative International Financing for Health Systems, which had been launched to help strengthen health systems in the 49 poorest countries in the world and was chaired by UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown and Robert Zoellick.<ref>More money for health, and more health for the money World Health Organization, 2009.</ref>

Also between 2008 and 2009, Wieczorek-Zeul served as member of the Commission of Experts of the President of the UN General Assembly on Reforms of the International Monetary and Financial System, which was chaired by author and Nobel Laureate economist Joseph E. Stiglitz. The commission had the aim of proposing necessary reforms in the world financial system that would prevent another event like the 2008 financial crisis.<ref>Report of the Commission of Experts of the President of the United Nations General Assembly on Reforms of the International Monetary and Financial System, September 21, 2009 United Nations.</ref>

Life after politics

Since leaving politics, Wieczorek-Zeul has been involved in a number of philanthropic activities, including the following:

Political positions

Global health

In 2001, Wieczorek-Zeul called for 39 pharmaceutical firms – including GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, and Boehringer Ingelheim – to abandon their legal challenge to a South African law designed to lower the price of patent-protected HIV and AIDS medicines.<ref>Simon Taylor (7 March 2001), Glenys tells Lamy: stand up to drug companies European Voice.</ref>

In March 2009, Wieczorek-Zeul criticized statements made by Pope Benedict XVI which claimed that condoms promote AIDS. when in fact they help prevent AIDS. In a joint statement with Health Minister Ulla Schmidt, she criticized the pope's remarks and underlined the importance of condom use in developing nations.<ref>Riazat Butt and John Hooper (18 March 2009), Vatican intervenes to calm escalating storm over pope's comments on HIV and condoms The Guardian.</ref>

In September 2009, Wieczorek-Zeul announced the German government’s pledge of an additional $130 million (€100 million) to the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) for 2009 to 2013.<ref>Global Health Community Commits Over $630 Million in Aggressive Push for Polio Eradication Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, press release of 21 January 2009.</ref>

Relations with Israel

In 2006, Wieczorek-Zeul voiced criticism against Israel's attacks on civilian infrastructure in Lebanon during the 2006 Lebanon War, calling it "completely unacceptable."<ref>Europe Looks To Mediate In Raging Middle East Conflict - DW World - 16 July 2006</ref> In response, Charlotte Knobloch, head of the Central Council of Jews in Germany, demanded her resignation.

Relations with Tibet

In May 2008, Wieczorek-Zeul was the only minister of Chancellor Merkel’s government who agreed to meet with the Dalai Lama, the spiritual leader of Tibet, during a five-day visit to Germany. This was against the wishes of Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier and the leader of the Social Democrats, Kurt Beck, who had both said that no senior party leaders would meet with him.<ref>Judy Dempsey (20 May 2008), Germany: Dalai Lama Ends 5-Day Visit New York Times.</ref> The visit took place eight months after a historic meeting between the Dalai Lama and Merkel caused a deep diplomatic rift between China and Germany.<ref>German Minister Meets Dalai Lama Amid Protests Deutsche Welle, 19 May 2008.</ref>

Recognition

Controversy

In 2007, Wieczorek-Zeul caused controversy by visiting President Bashar al-Assad of Syria in Damascus and promising €34 million in aid to the country.<ref>Hans Monath (30 August 2007), „Sie ist Assad auf den Leim gegangen“ – Syrien-Reise: Kritik an EntwicklungsministerinDer Tagesspiegel.</ref><ref>[https://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/germany-offer-4-million-euros-help-syria-iraqi-refugees Germany to offer 4 million euros to help Syria on Iraqi refugees Reliefweb, 28 August 2007.</ref> During her visit, she noted that Germany supported Syria's bid to sign a partnership agreement with the European Union.<ref>Germany Pledges $5.4 Million to Syria to Help It Cope With Iraq Refugees Haaretz, 28 August 2007</ref>

References

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