Voiced labial–velar approximant

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Template:Short description Template:Redirect Template:Infobox IPA Template:Infobox IPA

A voiced labial–velar approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in certain spoken languages, including English. It is the sound denoted by the letter Template:Angbr in the English alphabet;<ref>Template:Citation; see the examples on the fifth page.</ref> likewise, the symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA, or rarely Template:IPA. In most languages it is the semivocalic counterpart of a close back rounded vowel Template:IPA. In inventory charts of languages with other labialized velar consonants, Template:IPA will be placed in the same column as those consonants. When consonant charts have only labial and velar columns, Template:IPA may be placed in the velar column, labial column, or both. The placement may have more to do with convenience or phonological criteria than with phonetics.Template:Sfnp

For a labialized post-palatal approximant sometimes described as a voiced labial–prevelar approximant, which is more fronted in the place of articulation than a prototypical labial–velar approximant, see labialized palatal approximant#Post-palatal.

Features

Features of a voiced labial–velar approximant:

Template:Approximant The type of approximant is glide or semivowel. The term glide emphasizes the characteristic of movement (or 'glide') of Template:IPA from the Template:IPA vowel position to a following vowel position. The term semivowel emphasizes that, although the sound is vocalic in nature, it is not 'syllabic' (it does not form the nucleus of a syllable). Template:Labiovelar Some languages, such as Japanese and perhaps the Northern Iroquoian languages, have a sound typically transcribed as Template:IPA where the lips are compressed (or at least not rounded), which is a true labial–velar (as opposed to labialized velar) consonant. Close transcriptions may avoid the symbol Template:IPA in such cases, or may use the under-rounding diacritic, Template:IPA. Template:Voiced Template:Oral Template:Central articulation Template:Pulmonic

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Abkhaz ауаҩы / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'human' See Abkhaz phonology
Adyghe Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'you (singular)' See Adyghe phonology
Alemannic Bernese Template:Lang Template:IPA 'boy' Allophone of Template:IPAblink
Arabic Modern StandardTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'rose' See Arabic phonology
Assamese Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'Washington'
Basque Template:Lang Template:IPA 'four'
Belarusian Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:Audio-IPA 'wolf' See Belarusian phonology
Bengali Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'promise' Fortitional allophone of the semivowels Template:IPAblink and Template:IPAblink, especially in loan words. See Bengali phonology
Berber Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'speech'
Breton Template:Lang Template:IPA 'nine'
Bulgarian Colloquial Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'shovel' Contemporary pronunciation of Template:IPAslink, an ongoing sound change. See Bulgarian phonology.
Pernik dialects This dialect has a long-standing tradition of pronouncing Template:IPA as Template:IPA, similar to the Polish language. Independent of the similar sound change happening in the standard language.
Standard Bulgarian Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'whiskey' Appears in borrowings. See Bulgarian phonology
Burmese Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'belief'
CatalanTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'fourth' Post-lexically after Template:IPA and Template:IPA. See Catalan phonology
Chinese Cantonese Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:Audio-IPA 'dig' See Cantonese phonology
Mandarin Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:Audio-IPA See Mandarin phonology
Danish Template:Lang Template:IPA 'ocean' Allophone of Template:IPAblink
Dutch Colloquial Template:Lang Template:IPA 'cold' Lenited allophone of Template:IPA after Template:IPA. Corresponds to Template:IPA in the standard language (cf. Template:Lang). See Dutch phonology
Standard Surinamese Template:Lang Template:IPA 'cub' May also occur in this context in some continental Dutch accents and/or dialects.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Corresponds to Template:IPAblink in most of the Netherlands and to Template:IPAblink in Belgium and (southern) parts of the Netherlands. See Dutch phonology
English Template:Lang Template:IPA 'weep' See English phonology
FrenchTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:Audio-IPA 'yes' See French phonology
German Template:Lang Template:IPA 'source' Some regions Template:Citation needed
HawaiianTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'fast' May also be realized as Template:IPA. See Hawaiian phonology
Hebrew Mizrahi Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'power' See Modern Hebrew phonology
HindustaniTemplate:Sfnp Hindi Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'belief' Allophone of Template:IPA. See Hindustani phonology
Urdu Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration
Irish Template:Lang Template:IPA 'vote' See Irish phonology
ItalianTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'man' See Italian phonology
Kabardian Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:Audio-IPA 'you (singular)'
Karakalpak Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'birth'
Kazakh Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'air'
Korean Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'heron' See Korean phonology
Kyrgyz Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'air' Lenited allophone of Template:IPA. See Kyrgyz phonology
Lao Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'sweet' See Lao phonology
LuxembourgishTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'two' Allophone of Template:IPA after Template:IPA.Template:Sfnp See Luxembourgish phonology
Malay Template:Lang Template:IPA 'money'
Malayalam Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'yes' Template:IPA around rounded vowels for some speakers.
Mayan Yucatec Template:Lang Template:IPA 'mountain'
Mongolian Template:Lang / Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'skull'
Nepali Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'wind' See Nepali phonology
OdiaTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'Agrawal'
Pashto Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'one time'
Persian Dari Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'sport' May approach Template:IPAslink in some regional dialects.
Farsi Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'new' Only in a diphthong or colloquially.
PolishTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:Audio-IPA 'grace' See Polish phonology. Corresponds to Template:IPA in older pronunciation and eastern dialects.
PortugueseTemplate:Sfnp Most dialects Template:Lang Template:IPA 'when' Post-lexically after Template:IPAslink and Template:IPAslink. See Portuguese phonology
Template:Lang Template:IPA 'good' (f.) Epenthetic glide or allophone of Template:IPAslink, following a stressed rounded vowel and preceding an unrounded one.Template:Sfnp
General Brazilian Template:Lang Template:IPA 'which' Allophone of Template:IPAslink in coda position for most Brazilian dialects.Template:Sfnp
Romanian Template:Lang Template:Audio-IPA 'mastiff' See Romanian phonology
Russian Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'wolf' Southern dialects.
Serbo-Croatian CroatianTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'wolf' Allophone of Template:IPA before Template:IPA.Template:Sfnp See Serbo-Croatian phonology
SloveneTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'church' Allophone of Template:IPA in the syllable coda.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp Voiceless Template:IPAblink before voiceless consonants. See Slovene phonology
Sotho Template:Lang Template:IPA 'epidemic' See Sesotho phonology
Svan Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'marten'
SpanishTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'as much' See Spanish phonology
Swahili Template:Lang Template:IPA 'student'
Swedish Central StandardTemplate:Sfnp Labialized approximant consonant; allophone of Template:IPA in casual speech before the protruded vowels Template:IPA. See Swedish phonology
Tagalog Template:Lang Template:IPA 'day' See Tagalog phonology
Thai Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'ring' See Thai phonology
Toki Pona wile Template:IPA 'to want'
VietnameseTemplate:Sfnp Standard Template:Lang Template:IPA 'to delegate' See Vietnamese phonology
Southern Template:Lang Template:IPA 'hometown'
Ukrainian Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:Audio-IPA 'love' See Ukrainian phonology
Welsh Template:Lang Template:IPA 'woe' See Welsh phonology
West Frisian Template:Lang Template:IPA 'to shove'

Nasal

Template:Redirect Template:Infobox IPA

A nasalized voiced labial–velar approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is typically Template:Angbr IPA (a nasalized Template:Angbr IPA), though for preciseness Template:Angbr IPA (a nasalized and labialized Template:Angbr IPA) may also be seen.

Features

Features of a nasal labial–velar approximant:

Template:Approximant Template:Labial–velar Template:Voiced Template:Nasal Template:Central articulation Template:Pulmonic

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Guaraní Paraguayan<ref name="gug2020">Template:Cite book</ref> Template:Lang Template:IPA 'in Guarani' Allophone of Template:IPAslink in the digraph Template:Angbr, nasalized due to vowel-consonant harmony.<ref name="gug2020" />
Kaingang<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> Template:IPA 'to see' Possible word-initial realization of Template:IPAslink before a nasal vowel.<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>
PolishTemplate:Citation needed Template:Lang Template:IPA 'they are' See Polish phonology
Portuguese Most dialects<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> Template:Lang Template:IPA 'saint', 'they are' Allophone of Template:IPA after nasal vowels. See Portuguese phonology
Some dialects<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Template:Lang Template:IPA 'smuggling', 'jobbery',
'stash'
Non-syllabic allophone of Template:IPAslink between nasal sounds.
Marathi Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'doubt' Anuswara (ṁ) preceding र (r), व (v), श (ś), ष (ṣ), स (s), ह (h) or ज्ञ (jñ/dnya) is rendered as 'w̃'.
Seri Template:Lang Template:IPA 'person' Allophone of Template:IPAslink.
Shipibo<ref name="val283">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> Template:Lang<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Template:IPA 'parrot' Allophone of Template:IPA after nasal vowels.<ref name="val283"/>
Telugu Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'acid' Common colloquial pronunciation of intervocalic and final m. May also be a Template:IPA.<ref>a study of telugu regional and social dialects: a prosodic analysis by j. venkateswara sastry</ref>
Uwa Template:Lang Template:IPA 'yellow'
Yoruba Template:Lang Template:IPA 'they' Allophone of Template:IPA before nasal vowels.

See also

Notes

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References

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