Voiced labial–velar approximant

A voiced labial–velar approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in certain spoken languages, including English. It is the sound denoted by the letter Template:Angbr in the English alphabet;<ref>Template:Citation; see the examples on the fifth page.</ref> likewise, the symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA, or rarely {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. In most languages it is the semivocalic counterpart of a close back rounded vowel {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. In inventory charts of languages with other labialized velar consonants, {{#invoke:IPA|main}} will be placed in the same column as those consonants. When consonant charts have only labial and velar columns, {{#invoke:IPA|main}} may be placed in the velar column, labial column, or both. The placement may have more to do with convenience or phonological criteria than with phonetics.Template:Sfnp

For a labialized post-palatal approximant sometimes described as a voiced labial–prevelar approximant, which is more fronted in the place of articulation than a prototypical labial–velar approximant, see labialized palatal approximant#Post-palatal.

Features

Features of a voiced labial–velar approximant:

Template:Approximant The type of approximant is glide or semivowel. The term glide emphasizes the characteristic of movement (or 'glide') of {{#invoke:IPA|main}} from the {{#invoke:IPA|main}} vowel position to a following vowel position. The term semivowel emphasizes that, although the sound is vocalic in nature, it is not 'syllabic' (it does not form the nucleus of a syllable). Template:Labiovelar Some languages, such as Japanese and perhaps the Northern Iroquoian languages, have a sound typically transcribed as {{#invoke:IPA|main}} where the lips are compressed (or at least not rounded), which is a true labial–velar (as opposed to labialized velar) consonant. Close transcriptions may avoid the symbol {{#invoke:IPA|main}} in such cases, or may use the under-rounding diacritic, {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. Template:Voiced Template:Oral Template:Central articulation Template:Pulmonic

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Abkhaz		ауаҩы / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'human'	See Abkhaz phonology
Adyghe		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'you (singular)'	See Adyghe phonology
Alemannic	Bernese	lang}}	main}}	'boy'	Allophone of Template:IPAblink
Arabic	Modern StandardTemplate:Sfnp	lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'rose'	See Arabic phonology
Assamese		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'Washington'
Basque		lang}}	main}}	'four'
Belarusian		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	Template:Audio-IPA	'wolf'	See Belarusian phonology
Bengali		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'promise'	Fortitional allophone of the semivowels Template:IPAblink and Template:IPAblink, especially in loan words. See Bengali phonology
Berber		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'speech'
Breton		lang}}	main}}	'nine'
Bulgarian	Colloquial	{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} / Template:Transliteration	{{#invoke:IPA|main}}	'shovel'	Contemporary pronunciation of Template:IPAslink, an ongoing sound change. See Bulgarian phonology.
	Pernik dialects				main}} as {{#invoke:IPA|main}}, similar to the Polish language. Independent of the similar sound change happening in the standard language.
	Standard Bulgarian	lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'whiskey'	Appears in borrowings. See Bulgarian phonology
Burmese		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'belief'
CatalanTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'fourth'	main}} and {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. See Catalan phonology
Chinese	Cantonese	lang}} / Template:Transliteration	Template:Audio-IPA	'dig'	See Cantonese phonology
	Mandarin	lang}} / Template:Transliteration	Template:Audio-IPA		See Mandarin phonology
Danish		lang}}	main}}	'ocean'	Allophone of Template:IPAblink
Dutch	Colloquial	lang}}	main}}	'cold'	main}} after {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. Corresponds to {{#invoke:IPA|main}} in the standard language (cf. {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}). See Dutch phonology
	Standard Surinamese	lang}}	main}}	'cub'	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Corresponds to Template:IPAblink in most of the Netherlands and to Template:IPAblink in Belgium and (southern) parts of the Netherlands. See Dutch phonology
English		lang}}	main}}	'weep'	See English phonology
FrenchTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'yes'	See French phonology
German		lang}}	main}}	'source'	Some regions Template:Citation needed
HawaiianTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'fast'	main}}. See Hawaiian phonology
Hebrew	Mizrahi	lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'power'	See Modern Hebrew phonology
HindustaniTemplate:Sfnp	Hindi	lang}} / Template:Transliteration	{{#invoke:IPA|main}}	'belief'	Allophone of {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. See Hindustani phonology
	Urdu	lang}} / Template:Transliteration
Irish		lang}}	main}}	'vote'	See Irish phonology
ItalianTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'man'	See Italian phonology
Kabardian		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	Template:Audio-IPA	'you (singular)'
Karakalpak		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'birth'
Kazakh		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'air'
Korean		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'heron'	See Korean phonology
Kyrgyz		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'air'	main}}. See Kyrgyz phonology
Lao		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'sweet'	See Lao phonology
LuxembourgishTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'two'	main}} after {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.Template:Sfnp See Luxembourgish phonology
Malay		lang}}	main}}	'money'
Malayalam		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'yes'	main}} around rounded vowels for some speakers.
Mayan	Yucatec	lang}}	main}}	'mountain'
Mongolian		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'skull'
Nepali		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'wind'	See Nepali phonology
OdiaTemplate:Sfnp		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'Agrawal'
Pashto		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'one time'
Persian	Dari	lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'sport'	May approach Template:IPAslink in some regional dialects.
	Farsi	lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'new'	Only in a diphthong or colloquially.
PolishTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'grace'	See Polish phonology. Corresponds to {{#invoke:IPA|main}} in older pronunciation and eastern dialects.
PortugueseTemplate:Sfnp	Most dialects	lang}}	main}}	'when'	Post-lexically after Template:IPAslink and Template:IPAslink. See Portuguese phonology
		lang}}	main}}	'good' (f.)	Epenthetic glide or allophone of Template:IPAslink, following a stressed rounded vowel and preceding an unrounded one.Template:Sfnp
	General Brazilian	lang}}	main}}	'which'	Allophone of Template:IPAslink in coda position for most Brazilian dialects.Template:Sfnp
Romanian		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'mastiff'	See Romanian phonology
Russian		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'wolf'	Southern dialects.
Serbo-Croatian	CroatianTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'wolf'	main}} before {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.Template:Sfnp See Serbo-Croatian phonology
SloveneTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'church'	main}} in the syllable coda.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp Voiceless Template:IPAblink before voiceless consonants. See Slovene phonology
Sotho		lang}}	main}}	'epidemic'	See Sesotho phonology
Svan		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'marten'
SpanishTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'as much'	See Spanish phonology
Swahili		lang}}	main}}	'student'
Swedish	Central StandardTemplate:Sfnp				main}} in casual speech before the protruded vowels {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. See Swedish phonology
Tagalog		lang}}	main}}	'day'	See Tagalog phonology
Thai		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'ring'	See Thai phonology
Toki Pona		wile	main}}	'to want'
VietnameseTemplate:Sfnp	Standard	lang}}	main}}	'to delegate'	See Vietnamese phonology
	Southern	lang}}	main}}	'hometown'
Ukrainian		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	Template:Audio-IPA	'love'	See Ukrainian phonology
Welsh		lang}}	main}}	'woe'	See Welsh phonology
West Frisian		lang}}	main}}	'to shove'

Nasal

A nasalized voiced labial–velar approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is typically Template:Angbr IPA (a nasalized Template:Angbr IPA), though for preciseness Template:Angbr IPA (a nasalized and labialized Template:Angbr IPA) may also be seen.

Features

Features of a nasal labial–velar approximant:

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Guaraní	Paraguayan<ref name="gug2020">Template:Cite book</ref>	lang}}	main}}	'in Guarani'	Allophone of Template:IPAslink in the digraph Template:Angbr, nasalized due to vowel-consonant harmony.<ref name="gug2020" />
Kaingang<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		{{#invoke:IPA|main}}		'to see'	Possible word-initial realization of Template:IPAslink before a nasal vowel.<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>
PolishTemplate:Citation needed		lang}}	main}}	'they are'	See Polish phonology
Portuguese	Most dialects<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	lang}}	main}}	'saint', 'they are'	main}} after nasal vowels. See Portuguese phonology
	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} || {{#invoke:IPA|main}} || 'smuggling', 'jobbery', 'stash'|| Non-syllabic allophone of Template:IPAslink between nasal sounds.
Marathi		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'doubt'	Anuswara (ṁ) preceding र (r), व (v), श (ś), ष (ṣ), स (s), ह (h) or ज्ञ (jñ/dnya) is rendered as 'w̃'.
Seri		lang}}	main}}	'person'	Allophone of Template:IPAslink.
Shipibo<ref name="val283">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>||{{#invoke:IPA|main}} || 'parrot' || Allophone of {{#invoke:IPA|main}} after nasal vowels.<ref name="val283"/>
Telugu		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'acid'	main}}.<ref>a study of telugu regional and social dialects: a prosodic analysis by j. venkateswara sastry</ref>
Uwa		lang}}	main}}	'yellow'
Yoruba		lang}}	main}}	'they'	main}} before nasal vowels.

See also

• Voiceless labial–velar approximant
• Voiced bilabial approximant
• Voiced bilabial flap

References

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External links

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