Voiceless velar plosive

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox IPA

A voiceless velar plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound used in almost all spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA.

A Template:IPA sound is a very common sound cross-linguistically. Most languages have at least a plain Template:IPA, and some distinguish more than one variety. Many languages also have a two-way contrast between aspirated and plain Template:IPA. Only a few languages lack a voiceless velar plosive, e.g. Tahitian and Mongolian.

Some languages have a voiceless pre-velar plosive,<ref>Instead of "pre-velar", it can be called "advanced velar", "fronted velar", "front-velar", "palato-velar", "post-palatal", "retracted palatal" or "backed palatal".</ref> which is articulated slightly more front compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical velar plosive, though not as front as the prototypical palatal plosive.

Conversely, some languages have a voiceless post-velar plosive,<ref>Instead of "post-velar", it can be called "retracted velar", "backed velar", "pre-uvular", "advanced uvular" or "fronted uvular".</ref> which is articulated slightly behind the place of articulation of the prototypical velar plosive, though not as back as the prototypical uvular plosive.

Features

File:Voiceless velar plosive.svg

Features of a voiceless velar stop:

Template:Plosive Template:Velar Template:Voiceless Template:Oral Template:Central articulation Template:Pulmonic

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Abkhaz Template:Lang/ak̇halak̇h' Template:IPA 'the city' See Abkhaz phonology
Adyghe Shapsug Template:Lang/k′ėt Template:Audio-IPA 'chicken' Dialectal; corresponds to Template:IPA in other dialects.
Temirgoy Template:Lang/pskėn Template:IPA 'to cough'
Ahtna gistaann Template:IPA 'six'
AleutTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'cranberry bush'
Arabic Modern StandardTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang/kataba Template:IPA 'he wrote' See Arabic phonology
Armenian EasternTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang/ k'aġak'/k'aghak Template:IPA 'town' Contrasts with unaspirated form.
Assamese Template:Lang/kom Template:IPA 'less'
Assyrian ܟܬܒ̣ܐ Template:Lang Template:IPA] 'book' Used in most varieties, with the exception of the Urmia and Nochiya dialects
where it corresponds to Template:IPAblink.
Basque Template:Lang Template:IPA 'cat'
Bengali Template:Lang/kom Template:IPA 'less' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Bengali phonology
Bulgarian Template:Lang/kak Template:IPA 'how' See Bulgarian phonology
Cantonese Template:Lang/Template:Lang Template:Audio-IPA 'home' See Cantonese phonology
橋/桥/kìuh [kʰi:u˨˩] 'bridge'
CatalanTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'hearts' See Catalan phonology
Chuvash кукка [ku'kːɑ] 'mother's brother'
Czech Template:Lang Template:IPA 'bone' See Czech phonology
Danish Standard<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> Template:Lang Template:IPA 'goose' Usually transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA or Template:Angbr IPA. Contrasts with aspirated form, which is usually transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA or Template:Angbr IPA. See Danish phonology
DutchTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'king' See Dutch phonology
English kiss Template:Audio-IPA 'kiss' See English phonology
Esperanto Template:Lang Template:IPA 'tale' See Esperanto phonology
Estonian kõik Template:IPA 'all' See Estonian phonology
Filipino Template:Lang Template:IPA 'lice'
Finnish Template:Lang Template:IPA 'cake' See Finnish phonology
FrenchTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'office' See French phonology
GeorgianTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang/kva Template:IPA 'stone'
German Template:Lang Template:IPA 'cage' See Standard German phonology
Greek Template:Lang Template:IPA 'monk' See Modern Greek phonology
Gujarati Template:Lang/kaṃde Template:IPA 'onion' See Gujarati phonology
Hebrew Template:Lang Template:IPA 'money' See Modern Hebrew phonology
Hiligaynon Template:Lang Template:IPA 'laugh'
Hindustani Template:Lang / Template:Lang Template:IPA 'work' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Hindustani phonology
Hokkien Template:Lang/Template:Lang Template:IPA 'song' See Hokkien phonology
區/区/khu [kʰu˧˨] 'district'
Hmong White Hmong Template:Script / Template:Lang Template:IPA 'origin', 'beginning', or 'male name'
Hungarian Template:Lang Template:IPA 'then' See Hungarian phonology
Ibaloi Template:Lang 'rubber'
ItalianTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'house' See Italian phonology
JapaneseTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang / Template:Lang Template:IPA 'handbag' See Japanese phonology
KagayanenTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'spirit'
Khmer Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'Cambodia' See Khmer phonology
Korean 감자 / Template:Lang Template:IPA 'potato' See Korean phonology
Lakota kimímela Template:IPA 'butterfly'
Luxembourgish<ref name="gitr">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> Template:Lang Template:IPA 'goat' Less often voiced Template:IPAblink. It is usually transcribed in IPA as Template:Angbr, and it contrasts with aspirated form, which is usually transcribed Template:Angbr.<ref name="gitr"/> See Luxembourgish phonology
Macedonian кој Template:IPA 'who' See Macedonian phonology
Marathi Template:Lang Template:IPA 'armour' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Marathi phonology
Malay Template:Lang Template:IPA 'leg' Unreleased in syllable codas in some words, See Malay phonology
Malayalam കഥ/kada Template:IPA 'story' See Malayalam phonology
Mandarin Template:Lang/Template:Lang Template:Audio-IPA 'high' See Mandarin phonology
Template:Lang/Template:Lang [kʰɑʊ˨˩˦] 'roast' (v.)
Nepali Template:Lang Template:IPA 'banana' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Nepali phonology
Norwegian Template:Lang Template:IPA 'cake' See Norwegian phonology
Odia Template:Lang/kāma Template:IPA 'work' Contrasts with aspirated form.
Pashto Template:Lang/kal Template:IPA 'year'
Persian کارد/kārd [kɑrd] 'knife'
PolishTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:Audio-IPA 'beech tree' See Polish phonology
PortugueseTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'body' See Portuguese phonology
Punjabi Template:Lang/کر/kar Template:IPA 'do' Contrasts with aspirated form.
Romanian<ref>DEX Online: [1]</ref> Template:Lang Template:IPA 'when' See Romanian phonology
RussianTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang/korotkij Template:Audio-IPA 'short' See Russian phonology
Serbo-CroatianTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang / Template:Lang Template:IPA 'bone' See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Slovak Template:Lang Template:IPA 'bone' See Slovak phonology
Slovene Template:Lang Template:IPA 'bone' Aspirated before close vowels. See Slovene phonology
SpanishTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'house' See Spanish phonology
Swedish Template:Lang Template:IPA 'cow' See Swedish phonology
Sylheti Template:Lang/kita Template:IPA 'what'
Tamil கல் Template:IPA 'rock' See Tamil phonology
Telugu కాకి/kāki Template:IPA 'crow' Contrasts with aspirated form.
Thai Template:Lang/kị̀ Template:IPA 'chicken' Contrasts with an aspirated form.
Turkish Template:Lang Template:IPA 'ear' See Turkish phonology
Ubykh кауар/kawar Template:IPA 'slat' Found mostly in loanwords. See Ubykh phonology
UkrainianTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang/koleso Template:IPA 'wheel' See Ukrainian phonology
VietnameseTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang Template:IPA 'orange' See Vietnamese phonology
Welsh calon [kʰalɔn] 'heart' See Welsh phonology
West Frisian Template:Lang Template:IPA 'calf' See West Frisian phonology
Yi Template:Lang / Template:Lang Template:IPA 'foolish' Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms.
Zapotec TilquiapanTemplate:Sfnp canza Template:IPA 'walking'

See also

Notes

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References

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