Voiceless velar plosive

A voiceless velar plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound used in almost all spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA.

A {{#invoke:IPA|main}} sound is a very common sound cross-linguistically. Most languages have at least a plain {{#invoke:IPA|main}}, and some distinguish more than one variety. Many languages also have a two-way contrast between aspirated and plain {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. Only a few languages lack a voiceless velar plosive, e.g. Tahitian and Mongolian.

Some languages have a voiceless pre-velar plosive,<ref>Instead of "pre-velar", it can be called "advanced velar", "fronted velar", "front-velar", "palato-velar", "post-palatal", "retracted palatal" or "backed palatal".</ref> which is articulated slightly more front compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical velar plosive, though not as front as the prototypical palatal plosive.

Conversely, some languages have a voiceless post-velar plosive,<ref>Instead of "post-velar", it can be called "retracted velar", "backed velar", "pre-uvular", "advanced uvular" or "fronted uvular".</ref> which is articulated slightly behind the place of articulation of the prototypical velar plosive, though not as back as the prototypical uvular plosive.

Features

File:Voiceless velar plosive.svg

Features of a voiceless velar stop:

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Abkhaz		lang}}/ak̇halak̇h'	main}}	'the city'	See Abkhaz phonology
Adyghe	Shapsug	lang}}/k′ėt	Template:Audio-IPA	'chicken'	Dialectal; corresponds to {{#invoke:IPA|main}} in other dialects.
	Temirgoy	lang}}/pskėn	main}}	'to cough'
Ahtna		gistaann	main}}	'six'
AleutTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'cranberry bush'
Arabic	Modern StandardTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}/kataba	main}}	'he wrote'	See Arabic phonology
Armenian	EasternTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}/ k'aġak'/k'aghak	main}}	'town'	Contrasts with unaspirated form.
Assamese		lang}}/kom	main}}	'less'
Assyrian		lang}}	main}}]	'book'	Used in most varieties, with the exception of the Urmia and Nochiya dialects where it corresponds to Template:IPAblink.
Basque		lang}}	main}}	'cat'
Bengali		lang}}/kom	main}}	'less'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Bengali phonology
Bulgarian		lang}}/kak	main}}	'how'	See Bulgarian phonology
Cantonese		lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'home'	See Cantonese phonology
		橋/桥/kìuh	[kʰi:u˨˩]	'bridge'
CatalanTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'hearts'	See Catalan phonology
Chuvash		кукка	[ku'kːɑ]	'mother's brother'
Czech		lang}}	main}}	'bone'	See Czech phonology
Danish	Standard<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	lang}}	main}}	'goose'	Usually transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA or Template:Angbr IPA. Contrasts with aspirated form, which is usually transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA or Template:Angbr IPA. See Danish phonology
DutchTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'king'	See Dutch phonology
English		kiss	Template:Audio-IPA	'kiss'	See English phonology
Esperanto		lang}}	main}}	'tale'	See Esperanto phonology
Estonian		kõik	main}}	'all'	See Estonian phonology
Filipino		lang}}	main}}	'lice'
Finnish		lang}}	main}}	'cake'	See Finnish phonology
FrenchTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'office'	See French phonology
GeorgianTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}/kva	main}}	'stone'
German		lang}}	main}}	'cage'	See Standard German phonology
Greek		lang}}	main}}	'monk'	See Modern Greek phonology
Gujarati		lang}}/kaṃde	main}}	'onion'	See Gujarati phonology
Hebrew		lang}}	main}}	'money'	See Modern Hebrew phonology
Hiligaynon		lang}}	main}}	'laugh'
Hindustani		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'work'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Hindustani phonology
Hokkien		lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'song'	See Hokkien phonology
		區/区/khu	[kʰu˧˨]	'district'
Hmong	White Hmong	Template:Script / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'origin', 'beginning', or 'male name'
Hungarian		lang}}	main}}	'then'	See Hungarian phonology
Ibaloi		lang}}		'rubber'
ItalianTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'house'	See Italian phonology
JapaneseTemplate:Sfnp		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'handbag'	See Japanese phonology
KagayanenTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'spirit'
Khmer		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'Cambodia'	See Khmer phonology
Korean		감자 / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'potato'	See Korean phonology
Lakota		kimímela	main}}	'butterfly'
Luxembourgish<ref name="gitr">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'goat'	Less often voiced Template:IPAblink. It is usually transcribed in IPA as Template:Angbr, and it contrasts with aspirated form, which is usually transcribed Template:Angbr.<ref name="gitr"/> See Luxembourgish phonology
Macedonian		кој	main}}	'who'	See Macedonian phonology
Marathi		lang}}	main}}	'armour'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Marathi phonology
Malay		lang}}	main}}	'leg'	Unreleased in syllable codas in some words, See Malay phonology
Malayalam		കഥ/kada	main}}	'story'	See Malayalam phonology
Mandarin		lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'high'	See Mandarin phonology
		lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	[kʰɑʊ˨˩˦]	'roast' (v.)
Nepali		lang}}	main}}	'banana'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Nepali phonology
Norwegian		lang}}	main}}	'cake'	See Norwegian phonology
Odia		lang}}/kāma	main}}	'work'	Contrasts with aspirated form.
Pashto		lang}}/kal	main}}	'year'
Persian		کارد/kārd	[kɑrd]	'knife'
PolishTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'beech tree'	See Polish phonology
PortugueseTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'body'	See Portuguese phonology
Punjabi		lang}}/کر/kar	main}}	'do'	Contrasts with aspirated form.
Romanian<ref>DEX Online: [1]</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'when'	See Romanian phonology
RussianTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}/korotkij	Template:Audio-IPA	'short'	See Russian phonology
Serbo-CroatianTemplate:Sfnp		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'bone'	See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Slovak		lang}}	main}}	'bone'	See Slovak phonology
Slovene		lang}}	main}}	'bone'	Aspirated before close vowels. See Slovene phonology
SpanishTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'house'	See Spanish phonology
Swedish		lang}}	main}}	'cow'	See Swedish phonology
Sylheti		lang}}/kita	main}}	'what'
Tamil		கல்	main}}	'rock'	See Tamil phonology
Telugu		కాకి/kāki	main}}	'crow'	Contrasts with aspirated form.
Thai		{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/kị̀	main}}	'chicken'	Contrasts with an aspirated form.
Turkish		lang}}	main}}	'ear'	See Turkish phonology
Ubykh		кауар/kawar	main}}	'slat'	Found mostly in loanwords. See Ubykh phonology
UkrainianTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}/koleso	main}}	'wheel'	See Ukrainian phonology
VietnameseTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'orange'	See Vietnamese phonology
Welsh		calon	[kʰalɔn]	'heart'	See Welsh phonology
West Frisian		lang}}	main}}	'calf'	See West Frisian phonology
Yi		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'foolish'	Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms.
Zapotec	TilquiapanTemplate:Sfnp	canza	main}}	'walking'

See also

• Hard and soft C
• Index of phonetics articles

References

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External links

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