Voiceless palatal plosive

A voiceless palatal plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound used in some vocal languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA.

It is common for the phonetic symbol Template:Angbr IPA to be used to represent voiceless postalveolar affricate Template:IPA or other similar affricates, for example in the Indic languages. This may be considered appropriate when the place of articulation needs to be specified and the distinction between plosive and affricate is not contrastive.

Voiceless palato-alveolar plosive

If distinction is necessary, a voiceless alveolo-palatal plosive may be transcribed Template:Angbr IPA (retracted and palatalized Template:Angbr IPA). There is also a non-IPA letter Template:Unichar; Template:Color ("t", plus the curl found in the symbols for alveolo-palatal sibilant fricatives Template:Angle brackets), which is used especially in sinological circles.

Features

File:Voiceless palatal plosive.svg

Features of a voiceless palatal stop:

• • The otherwise identical post-palatal variant is articulated slightly behind the hard palate, making it sound closer to the velar Template:IPAblink.
  • Alveolo-palatal variant is articulated also with the blade of the tongue at or behind the alveolar ridge.

Occurrence

Palatal or alveolo-palatal

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
AlbanianTemplate:Sfnp		Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'Albanian'	Merged with Template:IPAblink in Gheg Albanian and some speakers of Tosk Albanian.Template:Sfnp
Asturian	Western dialects<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'woman'	Alternate evolution of -Template:Smallcaps-, -Template:Smallcaps-, Template:Smallcaps-, Template:Smallcaps- and Template:Smallcaps- in the Brañas Vaqueiras area of Western Asturias. May be also realized as Template:IPAblink or Template:IPAblink
Amuzgo	Xochistlahuaca varietyTemplate:Sfnp	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'clumsy; a clumsy person'
Azerbaijani		کئچی/keçi	Template:Audio-IPA	'goat'	Can realize as "t͡ʃ̟" in Tabriz accent
Basque		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'droplet'
Blackfoot		Template:Lang / Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'girl'	Allophone of Template:IPA after front vowels.
Breton	Gwenedeg	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'dandruff'	Realization of /k/ before front vowels.
Bulgarian	Banat dialect	Template:Lang (Template:Lang or Template:Lang)	Template:IPA	'as'	See Bulgarian phonology
Catalan	MajorcanTemplate:Sfnp	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'who'	Dento-alveolo-palatal or palatal.Template:SfnpCorresponds to Template:IPAslink in other varieties. See Catalan phonology
Corsican		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'nail'	Also present in the Gallurese dialect
Croatian	Littoral dialect	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'already'
Czech		Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'Czech' (language)	Alveolo-palatal or alveolar.Template:Sfnp See Czech phonology
Dawsahak		Template:IPA		'small'
Dinka		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'black'
EgaTemplate:Sfnp		Template:IPA		'understand'
FrenchTemplate:Sfnp		Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'bag'	Ranges from alveolar to palatal. See French phonology
Friulian		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'house'
Ganda		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'tea'
Gweno		Template:IPA		'to come'
Hakka	Meixian	Template:Script / fi1 gi1	Template:IPA	'plane'	Allophone of Template:IPA before Template:IPA.
Hausa		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'gift'
Hokkien	Taiwanese	Template:Script / Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'motorcycle'
HungarianTemplate:Sfnp		Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'dog'	Alveolo-palatal.Template:Sfnp See Hungarian phonology
Icelandic		Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'Eldgjá'	Alveolo-palatal.Template:Sfnp See Icelandic phonology
Irish		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'question'	Alveolo-palatal or palatal.Template:Sfnp See Irish phonology
Khasi		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'dwarf'
Khmer		Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration	Template:IPA	'bird'	Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms.
Kinyarwanda		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'thing'
Kurdish	Northern	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'tortoise'	Allophone of Template:IPA before Template:IPA, Template:IPA, Template:IPA, and Template:IPA. See Kurdish phonology
	Central	Template:Lang	Template:IPA
	Southern		Template:IPA
Latvian		Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'pumpkin'	See Latvian phonology
Low German	Plautdietsch	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'church'	Corresponds to Template:IPA in all other dialects.Template:Clarify
Macedonian		Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'sugar'	Prescribed realisation of the Template:IPA phoneme, varies greatly across dialects.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> See Macedonian phonology
Malay	Kelantan-Pattani	cita	Template:IPA	'feeling'	Palatal,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> allophone of Template:IPA. See Malay phonology
	Indonesian	cari	Template:IPA	'to find'
Norwegian	Central dialectsTemplate:Sfnp	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'fat'	See Norwegian phonology
	Northern dialectsTemplate:Sfnp
Occitan	Limousin	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'drawer'
	Auvergnat	Template:Lang	Template:IPA
	Western Gascon	chifra	[ˈcifrə]	'digit'	Corresponds to [tʃ] and sometimes [dʒ] in eastern dialects
Romanian<ref>DEX Online: [1]</ref>		Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'Chișinău'	Allophone of Template:IPA before Template:IPA and Template:IPA. See Romanian phonology. Also in some northern dialects
Romansh	SursilvanTemplate:Sfnp	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'night'
	SutsilvanTemplate:Sfnp	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'dog'
	SurmiranTemplate:Sfnp	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'cows'
	PuterTemplate:Sfnp	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'sugar'
	ValladerTemplate:Sfnp	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'moss'
Scottish GaelicTemplate:Sfnp		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'stick'	Alveolo-palatal or alveolar. Affricated in some positions, with affrication stronger in certain dialects.
SlovakTemplate:Sfnp		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'camel'	Laminal alveolo-palatal. Often africated.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> See Slovak phonology
Spanish	Canarian	choco	Template:IPA	'cuttlefish'	Alveolo-palatal. Used to be voiced.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Corresponds to Template:IPA in other dialects of Spanish (speakers from other areas of Spain mishear it as Template:IPA).
Turkish		Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'village'	See Turkish phonology
VietnameseTemplate:Sfnp	Central and Southern	Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'Ba Chẽ'	May be slightly affricated Template:IPA. See Vietnamese phonology
West Frisian		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'strainer'	See West Frisian phonology
Western Desert		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'one'
Damin		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'go'

Post-palatal

There is also a voiceless post-palatal or pre-velar plosive<ref>Instead of "post-palatal", it can also be called "retracted palatal", "backed palatal", "palato-velar", "pre-velar", "advanced velar", "fronted velar" or "front-velar". For simplicity, this article uses only the term "post-palatal".</ref> in some languages, which is articulated slightly more back compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical palatal consonant, though not as back as the prototypical velar consonant. The International Phonetic Alphabet does not have a separate symbol for that sound, though it can be transcribed as Template:Angbr IPA (retracted Template:Angbr IPA) or Template:Angbr IPA (advanced Template:Angbr IPA).

Especially in broad transcription, a voiceless post-palatal plosive may be transcribed as a palatalized voiceless velar plosive (Template:Angbr IPA.

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Belarusian		Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'acidic'	Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See Belarusian phonology
CatalanTemplate:Sfnp		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'who'	Allophone of Template:IPA before front vowels.Template:Sfnp See Catalan phonology
Danish	StandardTemplate:Sfnp	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'hostage'	Allophone of Template:IPA before front vowels.Template:Sfnp See Danish phonology
EnglishTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp		keen	Template:Audio-IPA	'keen'	Allophone of Template:IPA before front vowels and Template:IPA.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp See English phonology
		back	Template:IPA	back	Mainstream Irish English realisation of /k/ after front vowels.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
German	StandardTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp	Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'child'	Allophone of Template:IPA before and after front vowels.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp See Standard German phonology
GreekTemplate:Sfnp		Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'Makedon'	See Modern Greek phonology
Italian	StandardTemplate:Sfnp	Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'who'	Allophone of Template:IPA before Template:IPA.Template:Sfnp See Italian phonology
Japanese		Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration	Template:IPA	'nine'	Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨kʲ⟩, allophone of /kj/. See Japanese phonology
Polish		Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'when'	See Polish phonology
Portuguese		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'Chi'	Allophone of Template:IPA before front vowels. See Portuguese phonology
RomanianTemplate:Sfnp		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'eye'	Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See Romanian phonology
Russian	StandardTemplate:Sfnp	Template:Lang / Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'whale'	Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See Russian phonology
Scottish GaelicTemplate:Sfnp		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'five (5)'	Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms.
SpanishTemplate:Sfnp		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'kilo(gram)'	Allophone of Template:IPA before front vowels.Template:Sfnp See Spanish phonology
Tidore		yaci	Template:IPA	'to rip'
Ukrainian		Template:Lang/Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'tip'	Can also be transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA, but is an allophone of Template:IPA before front vowels. See Ukrainian phonology
Vietnamese		cách	Template:Audio-IPA	'to cut, to harvest'	Final allophone of Template:IPA. See Vietnamese phonology

See also

• Index of phonetics articles

References

• Template:Citation
• Template:Citation
• Template:Citation
• Template:Citation
• Template:Citation
• Template:Citation
• Template:Citation
• Template:Citation
• Template:Citation
• Template:Citation
• Template:Citation
• Template:Citation
• Template:Citation
• Template:Citation
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Citation
• Template:Citation
• Template:Citation
• Template:Citation
• Template:Citation
• Template:Citation
• Template:Citation
• Template:Citation

External links

• Template:Phoible