Voiceless palatal plosive

A voiceless palatal plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound used in some vocal languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA.

It is common for the phonetic symbol Template:Angbr IPA to be used to represent voiceless postalveolar affricate {{#invoke:IPA|main}} or other similar affricates, for example in the Indic languages. This may be considered appropriate when the place of articulation needs to be specified and the distinction between plosive and affricate is not contrastive.

Voiceless palato-alveolar plosive

If distinction is necessary, a voiceless alveolo-palatal plosive may be transcribed Template:Angbr IPA (retracted and palatalized Template:Angbr IPA). There is also a non-IPA letter Template:Unichar; Template:Ifsubst style="color:gray">Template:Angbr IPA ("t", plus the curl found in the symbols for alveolo-palatal sibilant fricatives Template:Angle brackets), which is used especially in sinological circles.

Features

Features of a voiceless palatal stop:

• • The otherwise identical post-palatal variant is articulated slightly behind the hard palate, making it sound closer to the velar Template:IPAblink.
  • Alveolo-palatal variant is articulated also with the blade of the tongue at or behind the alveolar ridge.

Occurrence

Palatal or alveolo-palatal

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
AlbanianTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'Albanian'	Merged with Template:IPAblink in Gheg Albanian and some speakers of Tosk Albanian.Template:Sfnp
Asturian	Western dialects<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	lang}}	main}}	'woman'	Alternate evolution of -Template:Smallcaps-, -Template:Smallcaps-, Template:Smallcaps-, Template:Smallcaps- and Template:Smallcaps- in the Brañas Vaqueiras area of Western Asturias. May be also realized as Template:IPAblink or Template:IPAblink
Amuzgo	Xochistlahuaca varietyTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'clumsy; a clumsy person'
Azerbaijani		کئچی/keçi	Template:Audio-IPA	'goat'	Can realize as "t͡ʃ̟" in Tabriz accent
Basque		lang}}	main}}	'droplet'
Blackfoot		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'girl'	main}} after front vowels.
Breton	Gwenedeg	lang}}	main}}	'dandruff'	Realization of /k/ before front vowels.
Bulgarian	Banat dialect	lang}} ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}} or {{#invoke:Lang|lang}})	main}}	'as'	See Bulgarian phonology
Catalan	MajorcanTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'who'	Dento-alveolo-palatal or palatal.Template:SfnpCorresponds to Template:IPAslink in other varieties. See Catalan phonology
Corsican		lang}}	main}}	'nail'	Also present in the Gallurese dialect
Croatian	Littoral dialect	lang}}	main}}	'already'
Czech		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'Czech' (language)	Alveolo-palatal or alveolar.Template:Sfnp See Czech phonology
Dawsahak		{{#invoke:IPA|main}}		'small'
Dinka		lang}}	main}}	'black'
EgaTemplate:Sfnp		{{#invoke:IPA|main}}		'understand'
FrenchTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'bag'	Ranges from alveolar to palatal. See French phonology
Friulian		lang}}	main}}	'house'
Ganda		lang}}	main}}	'tea'
Gweno		{{#invoke:IPA|main}}		'to come'
Hakka	Meixian	Template:Script / fi1 gi1	main}}	'plane'	main}} before {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.
Hausa		lang}}	main}}	'gift'
Hokkien	Taiwanese	Template:Script / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'motorcycle'
HungarianTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'dog'	Alveolo-palatal.Template:Sfnp See Hungarian phonology
Icelandic		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'Eldgjá'	Alveolo-palatal.Template:Sfnp See Icelandic phonology
Irish		lang}}	main}}	'question'	Alveolo-palatal or palatal.Template:Sfnp See Irish phonology
Khasi		lang}}	main}}	'dwarf'
Khmer		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'bird'	Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms.
Kinyarwanda		lang}}	main}}	'thing'
Kurdish	Northern	lang}}	main}}	'tortoise'	Allophone of {{#invoke:IPA|main}} before {{#invoke:IPA|main}}, {{#invoke:IPA|main}}, {{#invoke:IPA|main}}, and {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. See Kurdish phonology
	Central	{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}
	Southern		main}}
Latvian		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'pumpkin'	See Latvian phonology
Low German	Plautdietsch	lang}}	main}}	'church'	main}} in all other dialects.Template:Clarify
Macedonian		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'sugar'	main}} phoneme, varies greatly across dialects.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> See Macedonian phonology
Malay	Kelantan-Pattani	cita	main}}	'feeling'	Palatal,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> allophone of {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. See Malay phonology
	Indonesian	cari	main}}	'to find'
Norwegian	Central dialectsTemplate:Sfnp	{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	{{#invoke:IPA|main}}	'fat'	See Norwegian phonology
	Northern dialectsTemplate:Sfnp
Occitan	Limousin	lang}}	main}}	'drawer'
	Auvergnat	lang}}	main}}
	Western Gascon	chifra	[ˈcifrə]	'digit'	Corresponds to [tʃ] and sometimes [dʒ] in eastern dialects
Romanian<ref>DEX Online: [1]</ref>		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'Chișinău'	main}} before {{#invoke:IPA|main}} and {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. See Romanian phonology. Also in some northern dialects
Romansh	SursilvanTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'night'
	SutsilvanTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'dog'
	SurmiranTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'cows'
	PuterTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'sugar'
	ValladerTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'moss'
Scottish GaelicTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'stick'	Alveolo-palatal or alveolar. Affricated in some positions, with affrication stronger in certain dialects.
SlovakTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'camel'	Laminal alveolo-palatal. Often africated.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> See Slovak phonology
Spanish	Canarian	choco	main}}	'cuttlefish'	Alveolo-palatal. Used to be voiced.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Corresponds to {{#invoke:IPA|main}} in other dialects of Spanish (speakers from other areas of Spain mishear it as {{#invoke:IPA|main}}).
Turkish		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'village'	See Turkish phonology
VietnameseTemplate:Sfnp	Central and Southern	lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'Ba Chẽ'	main}}. See Vietnamese phonology
West Frisian		lang}}	main}}	'strainer'	See West Frisian phonology
Western Desert		lang}}	main}}	'one'
Damin		lang}}	main}}	'go'

Post-palatal

There is also a voiceless post-palatal or pre-velar plosive<ref>Instead of "post-palatal", it can also be called "retracted palatal", "backed palatal", "palato-velar", "pre-velar", "advanced velar", "fronted velar" or "front-velar". For simplicity, this article uses only the term "post-palatal".</ref> in some languages, which is articulated slightly more back compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical palatal consonant, though not as back as the prototypical velar consonant. The International Phonetic Alphabet does not have a separate symbol for that sound, though it can be transcribed as Template:Angbr IPA (retracted Template:Angbr IPA) or Template:Angbr IPA (advanced Template:Angbr IPA).

Especially in broad transcription, a voiceless post-palatal plosive may be transcribed as a palatalized voiceless velar plosive (Template:Angbr IPA.

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Belarusian		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'acidic'	Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See Belarusian phonology
CatalanTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'who'	main}} before front vowels.Template:Sfnp See Catalan phonology
Danish	StandardTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'hostage'	main}} before front vowels.Template:Sfnp See Danish phonology
EnglishTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp		keen	Template:Audio-IPA	'keen'	main}} before front vowels and {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp See English phonology
		back	main}}	back	Mainstream Irish English realisation of /k/ after front vowels.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
German	StandardTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'child'	main}} before and after front vowels.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp See Standard German phonology
GreekTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'Makedon'	See Modern Greek phonology
Italian	StandardTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'who'	main}} before {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.Template:Sfnp See Italian phonology
Japanese		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'nine'	Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨kʲ⟩, allophone of /kj/. See Japanese phonology
Polish		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'when'	See Polish phonology
Portuguese		lang}}	main}}	'Chi'	main}} before front vowels. See Portuguese phonology
RomanianTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'eye'	Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See Romanian phonology
Russian	StandardTemplate:Sfnp	lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'whale'	Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See Russian phonology
Scottish GaelicTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'five (5)'	Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms.
SpanishTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'kilo(gram)'	main}} before front vowels.Template:Sfnp See Spanish phonology
Tidore		yaci	main}}	'to rip'
Ukrainian		lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'tip'	Can also be transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA, but is an allophone of {{#invoke:IPA|main}} before front vowels. See Ukrainian phonology
Vietnamese		cách	Template:Audio-IPA	'to cut, to harvest'	main}}. See Vietnamese phonology

See also

• Index of phonetics articles

References

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External links

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