1625

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Events

January–March

January 17 – Led by the Duke of Soubise, the Huguenots launch a second rebellion against King Louis XIII, with a surprise naval assault on a French fleet being prepared in Blavet.
February 3 – Francesca Caccini's opera La liberazione di Ruggiero has its premiere, stated in Florence in Italy. The opera will continue to be staged almost 400 years later, as late as the year 2018.
February 6 – Bogislaw XIV becomes the final Duke of Pomerania, an office that becomes extinct after his death in 1637.
February 8 – Hafız Ahmed Pasha is designated as the new grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire by Sultan Murad IV, 11 days after the death of Çerkes Mehmed Pasha.
February 11 – Dutch–Portuguese War: The Battle of Hormuz, one of the largest naval battles ever fought in the Persian Gulf takes place in the Straits of Hormuz as fleets of the Dutch East India Company and the English East India Company defend Persia against an attack by ships from the colony of Portuguese India.
February – Huguenot forces under the Duke of Soubise capture the Island of Ré.
March 21 – James Ussher is appointed Archbishop of Armagh (Church of Ireland) and Primate of All Ireland.
March 28–April 24 – First Savoine War – Relief of Genoa: The Spanish fleet aids the Republic of Genoa, by overcoming the Franco-Savoyard occupation of the city of Genoa.
March 25 – Battle of Martqopi: The Safavids are defeated in Georgia.
March 27 – Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland succeeds to the throne on the death of his father, King James VI and I.

April–June

April 4 – Frederick Henry of Nassau marries Amalia, Countess von Solms-Braunfels.
April 7 – Albrecht von Wallenstein is appointed German supreme commander of the armies of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II.
April 23 – Stadtholder Maurice of Nassau of the Dutch Republic dies, and is succeeded by his younger brother, Frederick Henry.
May 1 – A Portuguese-Spanish expedition recaptures Salvador, Bahia (Bahia) from the Dutch.
May 15–16 – Rebellious farmers are hanged in Vocklamarkt, Upper Austria.
June 2 – Prince Frederick Henry is sworn in as the stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland.
June 5 – Eighty Years' War: Spanish troops under Ambrogio Spinola conquer Breda, after a nine-month siege.
June 13 – King Charles I of England marries Catholic princess Henrietta Maria of France and Navarre, at Canterbury.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
June 18 – The English Parliament refuses to vote Charles I the right to collect customs duties for his entire reign, restricting him to one year instead.

July–September

July 1 – The Safavid Empire in Iran defeats an invasion from the Kingdom of Georgia in the Battle of Marabda with heavy losses on both sides, including the Georgian commander, Teimuraz I, Prince of Mukhrani. <ref name=MIkaberidze>"Marabda, Battle of (1625)", in Historical Dictionary of Georgia, by Alexander Mikaberidze (Rowman & Littlefield, 2015) p. 454</ref><ref>"Iranian Conflict 1609-25", in Early Modern Wars 1500–1775, ed. by Dennis Showalter (Amber Books Ltd, 2013)</ref> when the Iranian Safavid army defeated a Georgian force.
July – The Barbary pirates first attack south-western England.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In August they enslave about 60 people from Mount's Bay in Cornwall.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
August 6 – Ernest Casimir of Nassau-Dietz is appointed as stadtholder of Groningen.
August 16 – Ernest Casimir of Nassau-Dietz is appointed stadtholder of Drenthe.
September 7 – The Treaty of Southampton makes an alliance between England and the Dutch Republic, against Spain.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
September 13 – A total of 16 religious leaderss (including Iasia Horowit) are imprisoned in Palestine.
September 15 – After several skirmishes in the preceding days, troops under the Marquis of Toiras successfully recapture the island of Ré, forcing the Duke of Soubise to flee to England, and ending the second Huguenot rebellion.
September 24 – A Dutch fleet attacks San Juan, Puerto Rico.

October–December

October 25 – A Dutch fleet attacks the Portuguese garrison at Elmina castle at modern-day Elmina, Ghana, but is defeated with heavy casualties. This defeat, along with the defeats at Bahia and Puerto Rico, causes a five-year-long lull in Dutch attacks on Spanish and Portuguese colonies.
November 1–7 – Cádiz Expedition: English forces commanded by Admiral George Villiers (which set out from Plymouth on October 8) are decisively defeated by the Spanish at Cádiz.
December 9 – Thirty Years' War: The Netherlands and England sign the Treaty of The Hague, a military peace treaty for providing economical aid to King Christian IV of Denmark-Norway, during his military campaigns in Germany.

Date unknown

The Dutch settle Manhattan, founding the town of New Amsterdam. The town will transform into a piece of New York City.<ref name="nycgovparks">Template:Cite web</ref>
The capital of Madagascar, Antananarivo, is founded by King Andrianjaka.
In England, a very high tide occurs, the highest ever known in the Thames, and the sea walls in Kent, Essex, and Lincolnshire are overthrown, thus great desolation is caused to the lands near the sea.<ref>Template:Wheeler1896</ref>
An English colony is established in Barbados.<ref name="CC1625">Template:Cite book</ref>
The first members of the Society of Jesus move to Quebec, Canada.
Approximate date – Shyaam a-Mbul begins to unify the Kuba Kingdom in Central Africa.