1934 United States Senate elections

Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox election The 1934 United States Senate elections were held in the middle of Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first term. The 32 seats of Class 1 were contested in regular elections, and special elections were held to fill vacancies. During the Great Depression, voters strongly backed Roosevelt's New Deal and his allies in the Senate, with Democrats picking up a net of nine seats, giving them a supermajority (which required 64 seats, two-thirds of the total 96 seats in 1934).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Republicans later lost three more seats due to mid-term vacancies (one to Farmer-Labor and two to Democrats); however, a Democrat in Iowa died and the seat remained vacant until the next election. The Democrats entered the next election with a 70-22-2-1 majority.

This marked the first time that an incumbent president's party gained seats in both houses of Congress in midterm election cycles, followed by 1998 and 2002.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This was also the second of three times since the ratification of the 17th Amendment that the opposition party failed to flip any Senate seats, alongside 1914 and 2022.

A number of historic figures were first elected to the Senate in 1934, including future President Truman, future Federal District Judge and Labor Secretary Schwellenbach, and future Supreme Court Justice Minton.

Gains, losses, and holds

Retirements

Two Democrats and one Republican retired instead of seeking re-election.

State	Senator	Replaced by
Maryland	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Nebraska (special)	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Nebraska	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Washington	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname

Defeats

Eight Republicans and two Democrats sought re-election but lost in the primary or general election.

State	Senator	Replaced by
Connecticut	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Indiana	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Mississippi	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Missouri	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Montana (special)	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
New Jersey	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Ohio	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Pennsylvania	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Rhode Island	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
West Virginia	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname

Party Switches

One Republican won re-election as a Progressive.

State	Senator	Replaced by
Wisconsin	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Progressive | Template:Sortname

Post-election changes

State	Senator	Replaced by
New Mexico	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Florida (class 1)	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Florida (class 1)	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Florida (class 3)	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Florida (class 3)	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Louisiana	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Michigan	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Minnesota	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Farmer-Labor | Template:Sortname

Change in composition

Before the elections

At the beginning of 1934.

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Elections result

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Key	align=center width=35px Template:Party shading/Democratic | D# Democratic align=center width=35px Template:Party shading/Farmer–Labor | FL# Farmer–Labor align=center width=35px Template:Party shading/Progressive | P# Progressive align=center width=35px Template:Party shading/Republican | R# Republican

Race summaries

Elections during the 73rd Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1934; ordered by election date then by state.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Vermont (Class 3)	Ernest W. Gibson	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1933 Template:Small	Interim appointee elected January 16, 1934.	Template:Plainlist
Montana (Class 2)	John E. Erickson	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1933 Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Interim appointee lost nomination. New senator elected November 6, 1934. Democratic hold.	Template:Plainlist
Nebraska (Class 1)	William H. Thompson	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1933 Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected November 6, 1934. Democratic hold. Winner was not elected to the next term, see below.	Template:Plainlist
New Mexico (Class 2)	Carl Hatch	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1933 Template:Small	Interim appointee elected November 6, 1934.	Template:Plainlist
Tennessee (Class 2)	Nathan L. Bachman	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1933 Template:Small	Interim appointee elected November 6, 1934.	Template:Plainlist
Wyoming (Class 1)	Joseph C. O'Mahoney	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1933 Template:Small	Interim appointee elected November 6, 1934. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below.	Template:Plainlist

Elections leading to the 74th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 1935; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Arizona	Henry F. Ashurst	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1912 1916 1922 1928	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
California	Hiram Johnson	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1916 1922 1928	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Connecticut	Frederic C. Walcott	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1928	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Template:Plainlist
Delaware	John G. Townsend Jr.	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Florida	Park Trammell	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1916 1922 1928	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Indiana	Arthur Raymond Robinson	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1925 Template:Small [[1926 United States Senate special election in Indiana|1926 Template:Small]] 1928	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Template:Plainlist
Maine	Frederick Hale	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1916 1922 1928	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Maryland	Phillips Lee Goldsborough	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1928	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent retired to run for Governor of Maryland. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Template:Plainlist
Massachusetts	David I. Walsh	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	[[1926 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts|1926 Template:Small]] 1928	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Michigan	Arthur Vandenberg	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1928 Template:Small [[1928 United States Senate special election in Michigan|1928 Template:Small]] 1928	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Minnesota	Henrik Shipstead	Template:Party shading/Farmer–Labor | Farmer–Labor	1922 1928	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Mississippi	Hubert D. Stephens	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1922 1928	Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	Template:Plainlist
Missouri	Roscoe C. Patterson	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1928	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Template:Plainlist
Montana	Burton K. Wheeler	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1922 1928	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Nebraska	William H. Thompson	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1933 Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold. Winner was not elected to finish the current term; see above.	Template:Plainlist
Nevada	Key Pittman	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	[[1913 United States Senate special election in Nevada|1913 Template:Small]] 1916 1922 1928	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
New Jersey	Hamilton F. Kean	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1928	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Template:Plainlist
New Mexico	Bronson M. Cutting	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1927 Template:Small 1928 Template:Small 1928	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
New York	Royal S. Copeland	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1922 1928	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
North Dakota	Lynn Frazier	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1922 1928	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Ohio	Simeon D. Fess	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1922 1928	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Template:Plainlist
Pennsylvania	David A. Reed	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1922 Template:Small [[1922 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania|1922 Template:Small]] 1922 1928	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Template:Plainlist
Rhode Island	Felix Hebert	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1928	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Template:Plainlist
Tennessee	Kenneth McKellar	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1916 1922 1928	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Texas	Tom Connally	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1928	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Utah	William H. King	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1916 1922 1928	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Vermont	Warren Austin	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	[[1931 United States Senate special election in Vermont|1931 Template:Small]]	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Virginia	Harry F. Byrd	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1933 Template:Small [[1933 United States Senate special election in Virginia|1933 Template:Small]]	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Washington	Clarence Dill	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1922 1928	Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	Template:Plainlist
West Virginia	Henry D. Hatfield	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1928	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain. Winner was seated late on June 21, 1935, when he turned 30, due to not having satisfied the constitutional requirement to serve.	Template:Plainlist
Wisconsin	Robert M. La Follette Jr.	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	[[1925 United States Senate special election in Wisconsin|1925 Template:Small]] 1928	Template:Party shading/Progressive | Incumbent re-elected as a Progressive. Progressive gain.	Template:Plainlist
Wyoming	Joseph C. O'Mahoney	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1933 Template:Small	Interim appointee elected. Winner was also elected to finish the current term; see above.	Template:Plainlist

Closest races

Ten races had a margin of victory under 10%:

State	Party of winner	Margin
Maine	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	0.4%
New Mexico	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	0.8%
Vermont	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	2.6%
Connecticut	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic (flip)	3.5%
Indiana	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic (flip)	4.0%
Michigan	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	4.3%
Pennsylvania	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic (flip)	4.3%
Utah	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	7.7%
Delaware	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	7.1%
New Mexico (special)	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	9.5%

Virginia was the tipping point state with a margin of 55.1%.

Arizona

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California

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Connecticut

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Delaware

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Florida

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Indiana

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Maine

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Maryland

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Massachusetts

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Michigan

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Minnesota

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Mississippi

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Missouri

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Montana

Montana (regular)

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Montana (special)

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Nebraska

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Nevada

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New Jersey

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New Mexico

New Mexico (regular)

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New Mexico (special)

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New York

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also In New York, the whole Democratic ticket was elected in the third landslide in a row.

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North Dakota

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Ohio

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Pennsylvania

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Rhode Island

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Tennessee

Template:See also There were two elections due to a resignation.

Tennessee (regular)

Three-term Democrat Kenneth D. McKellar was easily re-elected.

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Tennessee (special)

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

One-term Democrat Cordell Hull resigned March 3, 1933 to become U.S. Secretary of State.

Democrat Nathan L. Bachman was appointed to continue Hull's term, pending a special election which Bachman easily won.

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Texas

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Utah

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Vermont

Vermont (regular)

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Vermont (special)

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Virginia

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Washington

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West Virginia

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Wisconsin

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Wyoming

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also

There were two elections to the same seat due to the November 3, 1933 death of Democrat John B. Kendrick. Democrat Joseph C. O'Mahoney was appointed to continue the term, pending a special election. O'Mahoney won both the special election and the regular election to the next term.

Wyoming (special)

O'Mahoney would be re-elected twice and serve until his 1952 defeat.

See also

• 1934 United States elections
  • 1934 United States House of Representatives elections
• 73rd United States Congress
• 74th United States Congress

References

Template:Reflist {{#invoke:Navbox|navbox | name = United States Senate elections | title = United States Senate elections | state = autocollapse | bodyclass = hlist

|group1 = 1788–1913
Template:Nobold |list1 =

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|group2 = 1914–present
Template:Nobold |list2 = child

| 2_group1 = Regulars
and
even-year
specials | 2_list1 =

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| 2_group2 = Odd-year
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• List of all specials

| group3 = Elections by state | list3 =

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| below =

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}} Template:1934 United States elections