1930 United States Senate elections

Template:Infobox election The 1930 United States Senate elections occurred in the middle of Republican President Herbert Hoover's term. The 32 seats of Class 2 were contested in regular elections, and special elections were held to fill vacancies. With the Great Depression beginning to take hold, Republican incumbents became unpopular,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and Democrats picked up a net of eight seats, erasing the Republican gains from the previous election cycle, however, Republicans retained control of the chamber. This was the first of four consecutive Senate elections during the Depression in which Democrats made enormous gains, achieving a cumulative pick-up of 34 seats.

In Louisiana, Democratic senator-elect Huey Long chose not to take his Senate seat until January 25, 1932, so he could remain as Governor of Louisiana. The Republicans therefore retained the plurality of seats at the beginning of the next Congress (with Vice President Charles Curtis (R) able to cast tie-breaking votes, the Republicans would have majority control).

Gains, losses, and holds

Retirements

Four Republicans retired instead of seeking re-election. Two Republicans retired instead of seeking election to finish the unexpired term and instead of seeking election to full term. One Democrat retired instead of seeking election to a full term.

State	Senator	Replaced by
Colorado	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Maine	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname
Massachusetts	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
New Jersey	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname
Tennessee (regular)	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
West Virginia	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Wyoming	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname

Defeats

Seven Republicans and five Democrats sought re-election but lost in the primary or general election.

State	Senator	Replaced by
Alabama	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Illinois	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Iowa	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname
Kansas (special)	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Kentucky (special)	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Kentucky	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Louisiana	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
North Carolina	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Oklahoma	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Ohio	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Pennsylvania	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname
South Carolina	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
South Dakota	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname

Post-election changes

State	Senator	Replaced by
New Jersey	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname
Arkansas	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Georgia	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Georgia	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Vermont	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname
Missouri	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname

Change in composition

Before the elections

		Template:Party shading/Democratic | D1	Template:Party shading/Democratic | D2	Template:Party shading/Democratic | D3	Template:Party shading/Democratic | D4	Template:Party shading/Democratic | D5	Template:Party shading/Democratic | D6	Template:Party shading/Democratic | D7	Template:Party shading/Democratic | D8
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Majority →
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After the elections

		Template:Party shading/Democratic | D1	Template:Party shading/Democratic | D2	Template:Party shading/Democratic | D3	Template:Party shading/Democratic | D4	Template:Party shading/Democratic | D5	Template:Party shading/Democratic | D6	Template:Party shading/Democratic | D7	Template:Party shading/Democratic | D8
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Majority with Republican vice president ↓
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Key	align=center Template:Party shading/Democratic | D# Democratic align=center Template:Party shading/Farmer–Labor | FL# Farmer–Labor align=center Template:Party shading/Republican | R# Republican

Race summary

Special elections during the 71st Congress

In these special elections, the winner were seated during 1930; ordered by election date (then by state).

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Delaware (Class 2)	Daniel O. Hastings	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1928 Template:Small	Interim appointee elected November 4, 1930. Winner was also elected on the same ballot to the next term; see below.	Template:Plainlist
Kansas (Class 3)	Henry J. Allen	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1929 Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected November 4, 1930. Democratic gain.	Template:Plainlist
Kentucky (Class 2)	John M. Robsion	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1930 Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected November 4, 1930. Democratic gain. Winner was not elected to the next term; see below.	Template:Plainlist
New Jersey (Class 2)	David Baird Jr.	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1929 Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected November 4, 1930. Republican hold. Winner also elected to the next term, see below.	Template:Plainlist
Ohio (Class 3)	Roscoe C. McCulloch	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1929 Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected November 4, 1930. Democratic gain.	Template:Plainlist
Pennsylvania (Class 3)	Joseph R. Grundy	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1929 Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Interim appointee lost nomination. New senator elected November 4, 1930. Republican hold.	Template:Plainlist
Tennessee (Class 2)	William E. Brock	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1929 Template:Small	Interim appointee elected November 4, 1930. Winner was not elected to the next term; see below.	Template:Plainlist
Wyoming (Class 2)	Patrick J. Sullivan	rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1929 Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected November 4, 1930. Republican hold. Winner also elected to the next term; see below.	Template:Plainlist

Elections leading to the 72nd Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1931; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Alabama	J. Thomas Heflin	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	[[1920 United States Senate special election in Alabama|1920 Template:Small]] 1924	Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination. Incumbent lost general election as an independent. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	Template:Plainlist
Arkansas	Joseph T. Robinson	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1913 1918 1924	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Colorado	Lawrence C. Phipps	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1918 1924	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Template:Plainlist
Delaware	Daniel O. Hastings	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1928 Template:Small	Interim appointee elected. Winner was also elected on the same ballot to finish the current term; see above.	Template:Plainlist
Georgia	William J. Harris	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1918 1924	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Idaho	William Borah	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1907 1913 1918 1924	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Illinois	Charles S. Deneen	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1924 1925 Template:SmallTemplate:Efn	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Template:Plainlist
Iowa	Daniel F. Steck	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	[[1924 United States Senate election in Iowa|1926 Template:Small]]	Template:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain.	Template:Plainlist
Kansas	Arthur Capper	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1918 1924	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Kentucky	John M. Robsion	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1930 Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Template:Plainlist
Louisiana	Joseph E. Ransdell	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1912 1918 1924	Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	Template:Plainlist
Maine	Arthur R. Gould	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1926 Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold.	Template:Plainlist
Massachusetts	Frederick H. Gillett	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1924	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Template:Plainlist
Michigan	James Couzens	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1922 Template:Small [[1924 United States Senate special election in Michigan|1924 Template:Small]] 1924	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Minnesota	Thomas D. Schall	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Mississippi	Pat Harrison	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1918 1924	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Montana	Thomas J. Walsh	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1913 1918 1924	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Nebraska	George W. Norris	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1913 1918 1924	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
New Hampshire	Henry W. Keyes	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1918 1924	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
New Jersey	David Baird Jr.	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1929 Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected. Republican hold. Winner also elected to finish the term; see above.	Template:Plainlist
New Mexico	Sam G. Bratton	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1924	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
North Carolina	F. M. Simmons	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1901 1907 1913 1918 1924	Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	Template:Plainlist
Oklahoma	William B. Pine	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1924	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Template:Plainlist
Oregon	Charles L. McNary	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1917 Template:Small 1918 Template:Small 1918 Template:Small 1918 1924	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Rhode Island	Jesse H. Metcalf	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	[[1924 United States Senate special election in Rhode Island|1924 Template:Small]] 1924	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
South Carolina	Cole L. Blease	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1924	Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	Template:Plainlist
South Dakota	William H. McMaster	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1924	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Template:Plainlist
Tennessee	William E. Brock	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1929 Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	Template:Plainlist
Texas	Morris Sheppard	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	[[1913 United States Senate special election in Texas|1913 Template:Small]] 1913 1918 1924	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Virginia	Carter Glass	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1920 Template:Small [[1920 United States Senate special election in Virginia|1920 Template:Small]] 1924	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
West Virginia	Guy D. Goff	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1924	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Template:Plainlist
Wyoming	Patrick J. Sullivan	rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1929 Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected. Republican hold. Winner was also elected to finish the term; see above.	Template:Plainlist

Closest races

Ten races had a margin of victory under 10%:

State	Party of winner	Margin
Rhode Island	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1.1%
Minnesota	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1.5%Template:Efn
Kansas (special)	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic (flip)	2.0%
South Dakota	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic (flip)	3.2%
Kentucky (regular)	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic (flip)	4.2%
Kentucky (special)	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic (flip)	4.6%
Oklahoma	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic (flip)	4.8%
Delaware	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	9.1%
Massachusetts	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic (flip)	9.3%
Ohio	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic (flip)	9.6%

Alabama

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Arkansas

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Colorado

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Delaware

File:HastingsDanielO.jpg

Senator Daniel O. Hastings

Interim appointee Daniel O. Hastings was elected both to finish the current term and to the next term on the same November 4 ballot.<ref name=Clerk/>

Delaware (regular)

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Delaware (special)

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Georgia

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Idaho

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Illinois

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Iowa

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Kansas

Kansas (regular)

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Kansas (special)

Template:Infobox election Democratic nominee George McGill defeated Republican incumbent United States Senator Henry Justin Allen by a very narrow margin. McGill was the first non-Republican to win this seat since 1896. As of 2025, McGill was the last Democrat to be elected senator in Kansas. Template:Election box begin no change Template:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box majority no change Template:Election box turnout no change Template:Election box gain with party link no change

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Kentucky

Kentucky (regular)

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Kentucky (special)

File:Ben Mitchell Williamson.jpg

Senator Ben M. Williamson

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Louisiana

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Maine

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Template:Infobox election Template:Election box begin no change Template:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box majority no change Template:Election box turnout no change Template:Election box hold with party link no change

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Massachusetts

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Michigan

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Template:Election box begin no change Template:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate no change Template:Election box majority no change Template:Election box turnout no change Template:Election box hold with party link no change

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Minnesota

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Mississippi

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Montana

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Nebraska

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New Hampshire

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New Jersey

New Jersey (regular)

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

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New Jersey (special)

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New Mexico

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North Carolina

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Ohio (special)

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Oklahoma

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Template:Election box begin no change Template:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box majority no change Template:Election box turnout no change Template:Election box gain with party link no change

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Oregon

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Pennsylvania (special)

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Template:Election box begin Template:Election box winning candidate with party link Template:Election box candidate with party link Template:Election box candidate with party link Template:Election box candidate with party link Template:Election box candidate with party link Template:Election box majority Template:Election box turnout Template:Election box hold with party link

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Rhode Island

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Incumbent Republican Senator Jesse H. Metcalf successfully sought reelection to a 2nd term in office. Template:As of, this is the last time a Republican has won the Class 2 Senate seat in Rhode Island, and it would be the last time a Republican would win any Senate seat in the state at all until John Chafee in 1976.

South Carolina

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South Dakota

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Tennessee

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also

One-term Democrat Lawrence D. Tyson died August 24, 1929, and Democrat William E. Brock was appointed September 2, 1929, to continue the term, pending a special election.

Tennessee (special)

Template:Infobox election{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Interim Democrat William E. Brock easily won election to finish the term.

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Tennessee (regular)

Template:Infobox election{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

William E. Brock was not a candidate to the next term, instead choosing to return to his Chattanooga candy manufacturing business. Instead, former Democratic congressman Cordell Hull was swept into the seat.

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Hull was appointed United States Secretary of State and served there for 11 years, and in 1945, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for "co-initiating the United Nations."

Texas

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Virginia

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Template:Infobox election Template:Election box begin Template:Election box winning candidate with party link Template:Election box candidate with party link Template:Election box candidate with party link Template:Election box candidate Template:Election box majority Template:Election box turnout Template:Election box hold with party link without swing

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West Virginia

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Wyoming

Six-term Republican Francis E. Warren had died November 24, 1929, and Republican Patrick J. Sullivan was appointed to continue the term, pending a special election in which he was not a candidate.

Wyoming (special)

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

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Wyoming (regular)

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See also

• 1930 United States elections
  • 1930 United States House of Representatives elections
• 71st United States Congress
• 72nd United States Congress

References

Template:Reflist {{#invoke:Navbox|navbox | name = United States Senate elections | title = United States Senate elections | state = autocollapse | bodyclass = hlist

|group1 = 1788–1913
Template:Nobold |list1 =

• 1788–89
• 1790–91
• 1792–93
• 1794–95
• 1796–97
• 1798–99
• 1800–01
• 1802–03
• 1804–05
• 1806–07
• 1808–09
• 1810–11
• 1812–13
• 1814–15
• 1816–17
• 1818–19
• 1820–21
• 1822–23
• 1824–25
• 1826–27
• 1828–29
• 1830–31
• 1832–33
• 1834–35
• 1836–37
• 1838–39
• 1840–41
• 1842–43
• 1844–45
• 1846–47
• 1848–49
• 1850–51
• 1852–53
• 1854–55
• 1856–57
• 1858–59
• 1860–61
• 1862–63
• 1864–65
• 1866–67
• 1868–69
• 1870–71
• 1872–73
• 1874–75
• 1876–77
• 1878–79
• 1880–81
• 1882–83
• 1884–85
• 1886–87
• 1888–89
• 1890–91
• 1892–93
• 1894–95
• 1896–97
• 1898–99
• 1900–01
• 1902–03
• 1904–05
• 1906–07
• 1908–09
• 1910–11
• 1912–13

|group2 = 1914–present
Template:Nobold |list2 = child

| 2_group1 = Regulars
and
even-year
specials | 2_list1 =

• 1914
• 1916
• 1918
• 1920
• 1922
• 1924
• 1926
• 1928
• 1930
• 1932
• 1934
• 1936
• 1938
• 1940
• 1942
• 1944
• 1946
• 1948
• 1950
• 1952
• 1954
• 1956
• 1958
• 1960
• 1962
• 1964
• 1966
• 1968
• 1970
• 1972
• 1974
• 1976
• 1978
• 1980
• 1982
• 1984
• 1986
• 1988
• 1990
• 1992
• 1994
• 1996
• 1998
• 2000
• 2002
• 2004
• 2006
• 2008
• 2010
• 2012
• 2014
• 2016
• 2018
• 2020
• 2022
• 2024
• 2026
• 2028
• 2030

| 2_group2 = Odd-year
specials | 2_list2 =

• 1913
  • Georgia
  • Maryland
• 1921
• 1923
• 1925
• 1931
• 1933
• 1937
• 1941
• 1947
• 1949
• 1957
• 1959
• 1961
• 1974–75
• 1983
• 1991
• 1993
• 2013
• 2017
• List of all specials

| group3 = Elections by state | list3 =

• Alabama
• Alaska
• Arizona
• Arkansas
• California
• Colorado
• Connecticut
• Delaware
• District of Columbia
• Florida
• Georgia
• Hawaii
• Idaho
• Illinois
• Indiana
• Iowa
• Kansas
• Kentucky
• Louisiana
• Maine
• Maryland
• Massachusetts
• Michigan
• Minnesota
• Mississippi
• Missouri
• Montana
• Nebraska
• Nevada
• New Hampshire
• New Jersey
• New Mexico
• New York
• North Carolina
• North Dakota
• Ohio
• Oklahoma
• Oregon
• Pennsylvania
• Rhode Island
• South Carolina
• South Dakota
• Tennessee
• Texas
• Utah
• Vermont
• Virginia
• Washington
• West Virginia
• Wisconsin
• Wyoming

| below =

• Special elections
• Election disputes
• Results by state
• List of US elections
• House elections
• Presidential elections
• Gubernatorial elections

}} Template:1930 United States elections