1936 United States Senate elections

Template:Infobox election The 1936 United States Senate elections coincided with the reelection of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The 32 seats of Class 2 were contested in regular elections, and special elections were held to fill vacancies. The Great Depression continued and voters backed progressive candidates favoring Roosevelt's New Deal in races across the country. The Democrats gained 5 net seats during the election, and in combination with Democratic and Farmer–Labor interim appointments and the defection of George W. Norris from the Republican Party to become independent, the Republicans were reduced to 16 seats. Democrats gained a further two seats due to mid-term vacancies. The Democrats' 77 seats and their 62-seat majority remain their largest in history.

This was the last of four consecutive election cycles where Republicans suffered losses due to the ongoing effects of the Great Depression. This was also the last Senate election cycle until 2012 in which a Democratic candidate who won two terms also made net gains in the Senate on both occasions (although Roosevelt won a third term and fourth term, he lost Senate seats on both occasions). Additionally, this is the last time any party held three-fourths of all Senate seats.

Gains, losses, and holds

Retirements

One Republican, one Farmer-Labor, and five Democrats retired instead of seeking re-election.

State	Senator	Replaced by
Colorado	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Florida (special, class 1)	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Florida (special, class 3)	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Louisiana	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Massachusetts	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname
Minnesota (special)	Template:Party shading/Farmer-Labor | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname
Minnesota	Template:Party shading/Farmer-Labor | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Farmer-Labor | Template:Sortname
New Hampshire	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname

Defeats

Six Republicans and one Democrat sought re-election but lost in the primary or general election.

State	Senator	Replaced by
Delaware	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Iowa	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Michigan	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
New Jersey	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Oklahoma	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Rhode Island	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Wyoming	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname

Death

One Democrat died on July 16, 1936, and his seat remained vacant until the election.

State	Senator	Replaced by
Iowa (special)	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname

Independent gain

One Republican won re-election as an Independent.

State	Senator	Replaced by
Nebraska	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Independent | Template:Sortname

Post-election changes

State	Senator	Replaced by
Alabama	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Arkansas	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
New Jersey	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
New York	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Oregon	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Tennessee	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname

Change in composition

Before the elections

After the April 1936 special election.

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Result of the elections

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Template:Party shading/Farmer–Labor | FL1	Template:Party shading/Farmer–Labor/active | FL2 Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Small Template:SmallTemplate:Efn Template:Small Template:SmallTemplate:Efn	Template:Party shading/Progressive | P1	Template:Party shading/Democratic/active | D75 Template:Small Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Democratic/active | D74 Template:Small Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Democratic/active | D73 Template:Small Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Democratic/active | D72 Template:Small Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Democratic/active | D71 Template:Small Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Democratic/active | D70 Template:Small Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Democratic/active | D69 Template:Small Template:Small
Template:Party shading/Independent/active | I1 Template:Small Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Republican/active | R17 Template:Small Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Republican/active | R16 Template:Small Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Republican/active | R15 Template:Small Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Republican/active | R14 Template:Small Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Republican/active | R13 Template:Small Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Republican/active | R12 Template:Small Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Republican | R11	Template:Party shading/Republican | R10	Template:Party shading/Republican | R9
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Beginning of the next Congress

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Key	align=center Template:Party shading/Democratic | D# Democratic align=center Template:Party shading/Farmer–Labor | FL# Farmer–Labor align=center Template:Party shading/Independent | I# Independent align=center Template:Party shading/Progressive | P# Progressive align=center Template:Party shading/Republican | R# Republican align=center Template:Party shading/Vacant | V# Vacant

File:US Senate after 1936 elections.svg

Composition of the Senate after the Election

Race summaries

Elections during the 74th Congress

In these special elections the winners were seated once they qualified; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Louisiana (Class 2)	Rose McConnell Long	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1936 Template:Small	Interim appointee elected April 21, 1936. Winner was later not elected to the next term; see below.	Template:Plainlist
Florida (Class 1)	Scott Loftin	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1936 Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected November 3, 1936. Democratic hold.	Template:Plainlist
Florida (Class 3)	William Luther Hill	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1936 Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected November 3, 1936. Democratic hold.	Template:Plainlist
Iowa (Class 3)	Vacant			Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Louis Murphy (D) had died July 16, 1936. New senator elected November 3, 1936. Democratic hold	Template:Plainlist
Minnesota (Class 2)	Elmer A. Benson	Template:Party shading/Farmer–Labor | Farmer–Labor	1935 Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Republican | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected November 3, 1936. Republican gain. Winner was not a candidate for the next term; see below.	Template:Plainlist
New Mexico (Class 1)	Dennis Chávez	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1935 Template:Small	Interim appointee elected November 3, 1936.	Template:Plainlist

Elections leading to the 75th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 1937; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Alabama	John H. Bankhead II	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1930	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Arkansas	Joseph T. Robinson	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1913 1918 1924 1930	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Colorado	Edward P. Costigan	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1930	Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	Template:Plainlist
Delaware	Daniel O. Hastings	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1928 Template:Small 1930	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Template:Plainlist
Georgia	Richard Russell Jr.	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	[[1932 United States Senate special election in Georgia|1932 Template:Small]]	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Idaho	William Borah	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1907 1913 1918 1924 1930	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Illinois	J. Hamilton Lewis	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	[[1913 United States Senate election in Illinois|1913 Template:Small]] 1918 Template:Small 1930	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Iowa	L. J. Dickinson	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1930	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Template:Plainlist
Kansas	Arthur Capper	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1918 1924 1930	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Kentucky	M. M. Logan	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1930	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Louisiana	Rose McConnell Long	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1936 Template:Small [[1936 United States Senate special election in Louisiana|1936 Template:Small]]	Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	Template:Plainlist
Maine	Wallace H. White	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1930	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Massachusetts	Marcus A. Coolidge	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1930	Template:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican gain.	Template:Plainlist
Michigan	James Couzens	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1922 Template:Small [[1924 United States Senate special election in Michigan|1924 Template:Small]] 1924 1930	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost renomination<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> then died October 22, 1936. New senator elected. Democratic gain. Winner was later appointed to finish term.	Template:Plainlist
Minnesota	Elmer A. Benson	Template:Party shading/Farmer–Labor | Farmer–Labor	1935 Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Hold | Interim appointee retired to run for Governor of Minnesota. New senator elected. Farmer–Labor hold. Winner was not a candidate to finish the current term.	Template:Plainlist
Mississippi	Pat Harrison	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1918 1924 1930	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Montana	James E. Murray	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	[[1934 United States Senate special election in Montana|1934 Template:Small]]	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Nebraska	George W. Norris	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1913 1918 1924 1930	Template:Party shading/Independent | Incumbent re-elected as an Independent. Independent gain.	Template:Plainlist
New Hampshire	Henry W. Keyes	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1918 1924 1930	Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold.	Template:Plainlist
New Jersey	W. Warren Barbour	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1931 Template:Small [[1932 United States Senate special election in New Jersey|1932 Template:Small]]	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Template:Plainlist
New Mexico	Carl Hatch	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1933 Template:Small [[1934 United States Senate special election in New Mexico|1934 Template:Small]]	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
North Carolina	Josiah Bailey	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1930	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Oklahoma	Thomas Gore	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	[[1907 United States Senate elections in Oklahoma|1907 Template:Small]] 1909 1914 1920 Template:Small 1930	Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	Template:Plainlist
Oregon	Charles L. McNary	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1917 Template:Small 1918 Template:Small 1918 Template:Small 1918 1924 1930	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Rhode Island	Jesse H. Metcalf	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	[[1924 United States Senate special election in Rhode Island|1924 Template:Small]] 1924 1930	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Template:Plainlist
South Carolina	James F. Byrnes	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1930	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
South Dakota	William J. Bulow	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1930	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Tennessee	Nathan L. Bachman	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1933 Template:Small [[1934 United States Senate special election in Tennessee|1934 Template:Small]]	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Texas	Morris Sheppard	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	[[1913 United States Senate special election in Texas|1913 Template:Small]] 1913 1918 1924 1930	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Virginia	Carter Glass	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1920 Template:Small [[1920 United States Senate special election in Virginia|1920 Template:Small]] 1924 1930	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
West Virginia	Matthew M. Neely	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1930	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Wyoming	Robert D. Carey	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	[[1930 United States Senate special election in Wyoming|1930 Template:Small]] 1930	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Template:Plainlist

Closest races

Eleven races had a margin of victory under 10%:

State	Party of winner	Margin
Maine	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1.5%
Kansas	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	2.6%
Oregon	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	2.6%
South Dakota	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	2.0%
Iowa	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic (flip)	3.4%
New Hampshire	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	4.2%
Rhode Island	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic (flip)	4.2%
Iowa (special)	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic (flip)	5.3%
Nebraska	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Independent | Independent (flip)	6.0%
Massachusetts	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican (flip)	7.5%
Wyoming	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic (flip)	8.4%

There is no tipping point state.

Alabama

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Arkansas

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Colorado

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Florida (special)

Template:See also There were two special elections in Florida, due to the May 8, 1936, death of four-term Democrat Park Trammell and the June 17, 1936, death of five-term Democrat Duncan U. Fletcher.

Florida (special, class 1)

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Democrat Scott Loftin was appointed May 26, 1936, to continue the term, pending a special election. Primaries were held August 11, 1936.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Andrews would be re-elected once and serve until his own death on September 18, 1946.

Florida (special, class 3)

Democrat William Luther Hill was appointed July 1, 1936, to continue the term, pending a special election. Democrat Claude Pepper, who had lost to Trammell in 1934, won this election.

Pepper would be re-elected twice and serve until he lost renomination in 1950. He would later be elected to the U.S. House of Representatives and served there for 26 years.

Georgia

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Democratic primary<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation				CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Candidate	Votes	%	Template:Tooltip
Richard Russell Jr.	165,111	65.54	344
Eugene Talmadge	86,203	34.46	66

Illinois

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Iowa

Iowa (regular)

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Iowa (special)

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Kentucky

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Louisiana

Louisiana (special)

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Democrat Rose McConnell Long was elected April 21, 1936, to finish the term to which she was appointed on January 31, 1936. She was not a candidate, however, to the next term on November 3, 1936, see above. Template:Expand section Template:Infobox election

Maine

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Massachusetts

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Michigan

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Minnesota

There were 2 elections to the same seat on the same day due to the December 22, 1935, death of two-term Republican Thomas D. Schall.

Minnesota (special)

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

The election was held to fill the vacancy in the seat formerly held by Thomas D. Schall for the final two months of Schall's unexpired term. Governor Floyd B. Olson had appointed Elmer Benson to fill the seat in 1935, but this appointment was temporary and subject to a special election held in the next general election year thereafter—1936. Benson opted to run for governor instead of running for election to continue for the remainder of the term. No special primaries were held for the special election, and, among Minnesota's three major parties, only the Republican Party of Minnesota officially fielded a candidate—Guy V. Howard. Regardless of the absence of Farmer-Labor and Democratic nominees, Howard nevertheless faced a great degree of competition from independent candidates Nathaniel J. Holmberg, Andrew Olaf Devold, and John G. Alexander.

The candidates were:

• John G. Alexander (I), Attorney and real estate manager
• Andrew Olaf Devold (I), Attorney, State Senator since 1919, former State Representative (1915–1919); a member of the Farmer-Labor Party of Minnesota and formerly a member of the Socialist Party of Minnesota
• N. J. Holmberg (I), Former State Senator (1915–1919) and State Representative (1907–1915); a member of the Republican Party of Minnesota
• Guy V. Howard (R), Businessman and Republican elector in the 1916 presidential election

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Howard was not a candidate for the next term, and served only until January 1937.

Minnesota (regular)

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The election to the next term was won by Farmer–Labor congressman Ernest Lundeen.

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Mississippi

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Montana

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Nebraska

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New Hampshire

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New Jersey

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New Mexico

Template:See also There were 2 elections, due to the May 6, 1935, death of two-term Republican Bronson M. Cutting.

New Mexico (special)

Template:Infobox election Democratic former-Congressman Dennis Chavez had been Cutting's opponent in 1934. On May 11, 1935, after Cutting's death, Chavez was then appointed to continue Cutting's term, pending a special election which he then won.

Chavez would be re-elected four more times and serve until his death in 1962.

New Mexico (regular)

Template:Infobox election First-term Democrat Carl Hatch was easily re-elected.

Hatch would be re-elected once and serve until his 1948 retirement.

Oklahoma

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South Carolina

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also

Template:Election box begin Template:Election box winning candidate with party link |- | style="color:inherit;background:#FF3333" | | Republican | Joseph Augustis Tolbert | align="right" | 961 | align="right" | 0.8 | align="right" | N/A |- | style="color:inherit;background:#FF3333" | | Republican | Marion W. Seabrook | align="right" | 702 | align="right" | 0.6 | align="right" | N/A |- Template:Election box candidate Template:Election box majority Template:Election box turnout |- | Template:Party color cell | colspan=5 |Democratic hold |- Template:Election box end

South Dakota

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Tennessee

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Texas

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Virginia

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Wyoming

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See also

• 1936 United States elections
  • 1936 United States presidential election
  • 1936 United States House of Representatives elections
• 74th United States Congress
• 75th United States Congress

References

Template:Reflist {{#invoke:Navbox|navbox | name = United States Senate elections | title = United States Senate elections | state = autocollapse | bodyclass = hlist

|group1 = 1788–1913
Template:Nobold |list1 =

• 1788–89
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• 1912–13

|group2 = 1914–present
Template:Nobold |list2 = child

| 2_group1 = Regulars
and
even-year
specials | 2_list1 =

• 1914
• 1916
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| 2_group2 = Odd-year
specials | 2_list2 =

• 1913
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• List of all specials

| group3 = Elections by state | list3 =

• Alabama
• Alaska
• Arizona
• Arkansas
• California
• Colorado
• Connecticut
• Delaware
• District of Columbia
• Florida
• Georgia
• Hawaii
• Idaho
• Illinois
• Indiana
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| below =

• Special elections
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• Results by state
• List of US elections
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• Gubernatorial elections

}} Template:1936 United States elections