1940 United States Senate elections

Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox election The 1940 United States Senate elections coincided with the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt to his third term as president. The 32 seats of Class 1 were contested in regular elections, and special elections were held to fill vacancies.

Although Roosevelt was re-elected, support for his administration had dropped somewhat after eight years, and the Republican opposition gained three seats from the Democrats. However, the New Deal Democrats regained firm control of both the House and Senate because Progressives dominated the election.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party also disappeared from the Senate, as Henrik Shipstead joined the Republican party and Ernest Lundeen had died during the preceding term. Senator Harry S. Truman of Missouri was elected to his final term in the Senate in 1940. Truman resigned in 1945 to serve as President Roosevelt's third Vice President.

Republicans later gained an additional seat through an appointment in Colorado.

Gains, losses, and holds

Retirements

One Republican and two Democrats retired instead of seeking re-election. One Republican retired instead of seeking election to finish the unexpired term.

State	Senator	Replaced by
Maine	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname
Ohio	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname
Vermont (special)	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname
Washington	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname

Defeats

Five Democrats and two Republicans sought re-election but lost in the primary or general election. One Democrat sought election to finish the unexpired term but lost in the general election.

State	Senator	Replaced by
Arizona	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Delaware	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Illinois	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname
Indiana	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname
Nebraska	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname
North Dakota	Template:Party shading/NPL | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/NPL | Template:Sortname
Utah	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
West Virginia	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname

Post-election changes

State	Senator	Replaced by
Nevada	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Arkansas	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Colorado	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname
South Carolina	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
South Carolina	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
South Carolina	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Texas	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Texas	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Mississippi	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
Mississippi	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname
West Virginia	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Template:Sortname

Party switches

One Farmer-Labor senator was re-elected as a Republican.

State	Senator	Replaced by
Minnesota	Template:Party shading/Farmer-Labor | Template:Sortname	Template:Party shading/Republican | Template:Sortname

Change in composition

Before the elections

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Election results

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Key	align=center Template:Party shading/Democratic | D# Democratic align=center Template:Party shading/Farmer–Labor | FL# Farmer–Labor align=center Template:Party shading/Progressive (Wisconsin) | P# Progressive align=center Template:Party shading/Republican | R# Republican align=center Template:Party shading/Independent | I# Independent

Race summaries

Special elections during the 76th Congress

In these special elections, the winner elected during 1940 and seated once qualified; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Idaho (Class 2)	John Thomas	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1928 Template:Small [[1928 United States Senate special election in Idaho|1928 Template:Small]] [[1932 United States Senate election in Idaho|1932 Template:Small]] 1940 Template:Small	Interim appointee elected November 5, 1940.	Template:Plainlist
Illinois (Class 2)	James M. Slattery	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1939 Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Republican | Interim appointee lost election to finish term. New senator elected November 5, 1940. Republican gain.	Template:Plainlist
Kentucky (Class 2)	Happy Chandler	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1939 Template:Small	Interim appointee elected November 5, 1940.	Template:Plainlist
Vermont (Class 3)	Ernest W. Gibson Jr.	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1940 Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected November 5, 1940. Republican hold.	Template:Plainlist

Races leading to the 77th Congress

In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 1941; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Arizona	Henry F. Ashurst	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1912 1916 1922 1928 1934	Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	Template:Plainlist
California	Hiram Johnson	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1916 1922 1928 1934	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Connecticut	Francis T. Maloney	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1934	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Delaware	John G. Townsend Jr.	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1928 1934	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Template:Plainlist
Florida	Charles O. Andrews	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	[[1936 United States Senate special elections in Florida|1936 Template:Small]]	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Indiana	Sherman Minton	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1934	Template:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain.	Template:Plainlist
Maine	Frederick Hale	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1916 1922 1928 1934	Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold.	Template:Plainlist
Maryland	George L. P. Radcliffe	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1934	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Massachusetts	David I. Walsh	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1918 1924 Template:Small [[1926 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts|1926 Template:Small]] 1928 1934	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Michigan	Arthur Vandenberg	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1928 Template:Small [[1928 United States Senate special election in Michigan|1928 Template:Small]] 1928 1934	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Minnesota	Henrik Shipstead	Template:Party shading/Farmer–Labor | Farmer–Labor	1922 1928 1934	Template:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain.	Template:Plainlist
Mississippi	Theodore G. Bilbo	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1934	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Missouri	Harry S. Truman	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1934	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Montana	Burton K. Wheeler	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1922 1928 1934	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Nebraska	Edward R. Burke	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1934	Template:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Republican gain.	Template:Plainlist
Nevada	Key Pittman	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	[[1913 United States Senate special election in Nevada|1913 Template:Small]] 1916 1922 1928 1934	Incumbent re-elected. Winner died November 10, 1940, and Berkeley L. Bunker (D) was appointed both to finish the term and to start the next term.	Template:Plainlist
New Jersey	W. Warren Barbour	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	1931 Template:Small [[1932 United States Senate special election in New Jersey|1932 Template:Small]] [[1936 United States Senate election in New Jersey|1936 Template:Small]] [[1938 United States Senate special election in New Jersey|1938 Template:Small]]	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
New Mexico	Dennis Chávez	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1935 Template:Small [[1936 United States Senate special election in New Mexico|1936 Template:Small]]	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
New York	James M. Mead	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	[[1938 United States Senate special election in New York|1938 Template:Small]]	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
North Dakota	Lynn Frazier	Template:Party shading/NPL | Republican/ Nonpartisan League	1922 1928 1934	Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Republican hold.	Template:Plainlist
Ohio	Vic Donahey	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1934	Template:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican gain.	Template:Plainlist
Pennsylvania	Joseph F. Guffey	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1934	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Rhode Island	Peter G. Gerry	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1916 1922 [[1928 United States Senate election in Rhode Island|1928 Template:Small]] 1934	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Tennessee	Kenneth McKellar	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1916 1922 1928 1934	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Texas	Tom Connally	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1928 1934	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Utah	William H. King	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1916 1922 [[1928 United States Senate election in Utah|1928 Template:Small]] 1934	Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	Template:Plainlist
Vermont	Warren Austin	Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	[[1931 United States Senate special election in Vermont|1931 Template:Small]] 1934	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Virginia	Harry F. Byrd	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1933 Template:Small [[1933 United States Senate special election in Virginia|1933 Template:Small]] 1934	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Washington	Lewis B. Schwellenbach	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1934	Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold. Incumbent resigned December 16, 1940. Winner appointed to finish the term.	Template:Plainlist
West Virginia	Rush Holt Sr.	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1934	Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	Template:Plainlist
Wisconsin	Robert M. La Follette Jr.	Template:Party shading/Progressive (Wisconsin) | Progressive	[[1925 United States Senate special election in Wisconsin|1925 Template:Small]] 1928 1934	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist
Wyoming	Joseph C. O'Mahoney	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	1933 Template:Small 1934	Incumbent re-elected.	Template:Plainlist

Closest races

Thirteen races had a margin of victory under 10%:

State	Party of winner	Margin
Illinois	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican (flip)	0.7%
Indiana	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican (flip)	1.4%
Missouri	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	2.5%
North Dakota	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	3.0%
Delaware	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic (flip)	3.3%
Wisconsin	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Progressive (Wisconsin) | Progressive	3.9%
Pennsylvania	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	4.4%
Ohio	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican (flip)	4.8%
Michigan	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	5.7%
Idaho (special)	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	5.9%
New York	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	6.6%
Connecticut	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	7.5%
Washington	data-sort-value=-0.5 Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	8.4%

There is no tipping point state.

Arizona

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California

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Connecticut

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Delaware

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Florida

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Idaho (special)

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Illinois (special)

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Indiana

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Kentucky (special)

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Maine

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Template:Election box begin no change Template:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box majority no change Template:Election box turnout no change Template:Election box hold with party link no change

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Maryland

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also

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Massachusetts

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Template:Election box begin no change Template:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box majority no change Template:Election box turnout no change Template:Election box hold with party link no change

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Michigan

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Template:Election box begin no change Template:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box majority no change Template:Election box turnout no change Template:Election box hold with party link no change

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Minnesota

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Template:Election box begin no change Template:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box majority no change Template:Election box turnout no change Template:Election box gain with party link no change

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Mississippi

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Template:Election box begin no change Template:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Template:Election box hold with party link no change

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Missouri

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also One-term Democrat Harry S. Truman was narrowly re-elected. He would only serve until resigning January 17, 1945, to become U.S. Vice President.

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Montana

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Template:Election box begin Template:Election box winning candidate with party link Template:Election box candidate with party link Template:Election box majority Template:Election box turnout Template:Election box hold with party link

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Nebraska

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Template:Election box begin no change Template:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate no change Template:Election box majority no change Template:Election box turnout no change Template:Election box gain with party link no change

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Nevada

Pittman suffered a severe heart attack just before the election on November 5, and two doctors told his aides before the election that death was imminent. To avoid affecting the election, the party told the press that the senator was hospitalized for exhaustion and that his condition was not serious.<ref name="KNPR">Template:Cite news</ref> Pittman died on November 10 at the Washoe General Hospital in Reno, Nevada.<ref name="rocha200305">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Governor Edward Carville would go on to appoint Berkeley L. Bunker as his replacement.

In later years, a myth spread that Pittman had in fact died before the election, and his body had been kept on ice in the Mizpah Hotel in Tonopah so that Carville could appoint his replacement.<ref name="KNPR" /> Template:See also Template:Election box begin no change Template:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box majority no change Template:Election box turnout no change Template:Election box hold with party link no change

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New Jersey

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Template:Election box begin no change Template:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box majority no change Template:Election box turnout no change Template:Election box hold with party link no change

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New Mexico

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New York

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also The whole ticket nominated by Democrats and American Laborites was elected.

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North Dakota

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also

Ohio

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Template:Election box begin no change Template:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box majority no change Template:Election box turnout no change Template:Election box gain with party link no change

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Pennsylvania

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Template:Election box begin Template:Election box winning candidate with party link Template:Election box candidate with party link Template:Election box candidate with party link Template:Election box candidate with party link Template:Election box candidate with party link Template:Election box candidate with party link Template:Election box candidate with party link Template:Election box majority Template:Election box turnout Template:Election box hold with party link

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Rhode Island

Senator Peter G. Gerry

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Tennessee

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Template:Election box begin no change Template:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box majority no change Template:Election box turnout no change Template:Election box hold with party link no change

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Texas

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Template:Election box begin no change Template:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box majority no change Template:Election box turnout no change Template:Election box hold with party link no change

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Utah

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Vermont

Template:See also There were 2 elections due to the June 20, 1940, death of two-term Republican Ernest Willard Gibson.

Vermont (regular)

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Two-term Republican Warren Austin was easily re-elected. He faced no opponents in the primary.<ref name= Vermont/>

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Austin served only until his August 2, 1946, resignation to become U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations.

Vermont (special)

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Gibson's son, Republican Ernest W. Gibson Jr. was appointed June 24, 1940, to continue his father's term, pending a special election, in which he was not a candidate.

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Aiken did not take the seat until January 10, 1941, as he wanted to remain Governor of Vermont. He would be repeatedly re-elected and serve until his 1975 retirement.

Virginia

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Template:Election box begin Template:Election box winning candidate with party link Template:Election box candidate with party link Template:Election box candidate with party link Template:Election box candidate Template:Election box majority Template:Election box turnout Template:Election box hold with party link without swing

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Washington

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Template:Election box begin no change Template:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box majority no change Template:Election box turnout no change Template:Election box hold with party link no change

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West Virginia

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Wisconsin

Template:Infobox election{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}Template:See also Template:Election box begin no change Template:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box majority no change Template:Election box turnout no change Template:Election box hold with party link no change

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Wyoming

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Template:Election box begin no change Template:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box majority no change Template:Election box turnout no change Template:Election box hold with party link no change

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See also

• 1940 United States elections
  • 1940 United States presidential election
  • 1940 United States gubernatorial elections
  • 1940 United States House of Representatives elections
• 76th United States Congress
• 77th United States Congress

References

Template:Reflist {{#invoke:Navbox|navbox | name = United States Senate elections | title = United States Senate elections | state = autocollapse | bodyclass = hlist

|group1 = 1788–1913
Template:Nobold |list1 =

• 1788–89
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• 1912–13

|group2 = 1914–present
Template:Nobold |list2 = child

| 2_group1 = Regulars
and
even-year
specials | 2_list1 =

• 1914
• 1916
• 1918
• 1920
• 1922
• 1924
• 1926
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| 2_group2 = Odd-year
specials | 2_list2 =

• 1913
  • Georgia
  • Maryland
• 1921
• 1923
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• 1931
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• 1937
• 1941
• 1947
• 1949
• 1957
• 1959
• 1961
• 1974–75
• 1983
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• List of all specials

| group3 = Elections by state | list3 =

• Alabama
• Alaska
• Arizona
• Arkansas
• California
• Colorado
• Connecticut
• Delaware
• District of Columbia
• Florida
• Georgia
• Hawaii
• Idaho
• Illinois
• Indiana
• Iowa
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• South Carolina
• South Dakota
• Tennessee
• Texas
• Utah
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• Virginia
• Washington
• West Virginia
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| below =

• Special elections
• Election disputes
• Results by state
• List of US elections
• House elections
• Presidential elections
• Gubernatorial elections

}} Template:1940 United States elections