93rd United States Congress

Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox United States Congress The 93rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1973, to January 3, 1975, during the last 18 months of Richard Nixon's presidency, and the first 6 months of Gerald Ford's. This Congress was the first (and, to date, only) Congress with more than two Senate presidents (in this case, three). After the resignation of Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford was appointed under the authority of the newly ratified Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Ford became president the next year and Nelson Rockefeller was appointed in his place. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1970 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic majority. Template:TOCLimit

Major events

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January 20, 1973: President Richard Nixon began his second term.
January 22, 1973: Supreme Court issued abortion decision, Roe v. Wade
January 27, 1973: Paris Peace Accords signed
October 10, 1973: Vice President Spiro Agnew resigned
October 20, 1973: Saturday Night Massacre
October 30, 1973: Impeachment proceedings against President Nixon initiated
December 6, 1973: Vice President Gerald Ford confirmed and inaugurated
August 9, 1974: President Richard Nixon resigned, Vice President Gerald Ford became president
November 5, 1974: United States midterm elections: Democrats increased their majorities in both houses
December 19, 1974: Vice President Nelson Rockefeller confirmed and inaugurated
- First television broadcast from the Senate chamber, as Nelson Rockefeller was sworn into office

Major legislation

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July 1, 1973: Case–Church Amendment, Template:USPL, title I, Template:USStat
August 13, 1973: Federal Aid Highway Act of 1973, Template:USPL, title I, Template:USStat
September 26, 1973: Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Template:USPL, Template:USStat
October 1, 1973: Domestic Volunteer Services Act of 1973 (VISTA), Template:USPL, Template:USStat
October 4, 1973: Oil Pollution Act of 1973, Template:USPL, Template:USStat
November 3, 1973: Amtrak Improvement Act, Template:USPL, Template:USStat
November 7, 1973: War Powers Resolution, Template:USPL, Template:USStat
December 28, 1973: Comprehensive Employment and Training Act, Template:USPL
December 28, 1973: Endangered Species Act, Template:USPL, Template:USStat
December 29, 1973: Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973, Template:USPL
March 7, 1974: Water Resources Development Act of 1974, Template:USPL, Template:USStat
May 22, 1974: Disaster Relief Act of 1974, Template:USPL, Template:USStat
July 12, 1974: Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, Template:USPL, Template:USStat
July 25, 1974: Legal Services Corporation Act, Template:USPL, Template:USStat
August 21, 1974: Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, Template:USPL, title V, §513, Template:USStat
September 2, 1974: Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), Template:USPL, Template:USStat
September 7, 1974: Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, Template:USPL, Template:USStat
October 15, 1974: Federal Election Campaign Act, Template:USPL, Template:USStat
October 28, 1974: Equal Credit Opportunity Act, Template:USPL, Template:USStat
October 29, 1974: Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974, Template:USPL, Template:USStat
November 26, 1974: National Mass Transportation Assistance Act, Template:USPL, Template:USStat
December 3, 1974: Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act, Template:USPL, Template:USStat
December 16, 1974: Safe Drinking Water Act, Template:USPL, Template:USStat
December 31, 1974: Privacy Act of 1974, Template:USPL, Template:USStat
January 2, 1975: An Act to Establish Rules of Evidence for Certain Courts and Proceedings, Template:USPL, Template:USStat
January 3, 1975: Trade Act of 1974, Template:USPL, Template:USStat
January 3, 1975: Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, Template:USPL, title I, Template:USStat
January 4, 1975: Magnuson–Moss Warranty Act, Template:USPL, Template:USStat
January 4, 1975: Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975, Template:USPL, Template:USStat
January 4, 1975: National Health Planning and Resources Development Act, Template:USPL, Template:USStat

Hearings

May 17, 1973: Watergate hearings began (Senate Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities)
May 9, 1974: Hearings on the impeachment of President Nixon began (House Judiciary Committee)

Party summary

File:93rd United States Congress Senators.svg

Makeup of the U.S. Senate at the start of this Congress, color-coded by party. Note: The orange stripes in New York and the green stripes in Virginia denote Conservative James Buckley and Independent Harry F. Byrd Jr., respectively.

Senate

	Party (shading indicates majority caucus)				Total
	style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|	style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|	style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|	style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|
	Democratic	Republican	Conservative	Independent		Vacant
End of the previous Congress	Template:Party shading/Democratic \| 54	44	1	1	100	0

Begin	Template:Party shading/Democratic \| 56	42	1	1	100	0
End	Template:Party shading/Democratic \| 56	40	1	1	98	2
Final voting share	Template:Party shading/Democratic \| 57.6%	40.4%	1.0%	1.0%

Beginning of the next Congress	Template:Party shading/Democratic \| 60	37	1	1	99	1

House of Representatives

File:93 us house membership.png

House seats by party holding plurality in state
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Template:Legend	Template:Legend
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	Party (shading indicates majority caucus)		Total
	style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|	style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|
	Democratic	Republican		Vacant
End of previous Congress	Template:Party shading/Democratic \| 252	178	430	5

Begin	Template:Party shading/Democratic \| 241	192	433	2
End	Template:Party shading/Democratic \| 232	174	406	29
Final voting share	Template:Party shading/Democratic \| 57.1%	42.9%

Beginning of next Congress	Template:Party shading/Democratic \| 291	144	435	0

Leadership

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Senate

President: Spiro Agnew (R) until October 10, 1973
- Gerald Ford (R) December 6, 1973 – August 9, 1974
  - Nelson Rockefeller (R) from December 19, 1974
President pro tempore: James Eastland (D)
Permanent acting president pro tempore: Lee Metcalf (D)

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

House of Representatives

Speaker: Carl Albert (D)

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

Minority Leader: Gerald Ford until December 6, 1973
- John Jacob Rhodes from December 7, 1973
Minority Whip: Leslie C. Arends
Republican Conference Chairman: John B. Anderson
Republican Conference Vice-chairman: Samuel L. Devine
Republican Conference Secretary: Jack Edwards
Policy Committee Chairman: Barber Conable
Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Robert H. Michel

Caucuses

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.

Skip down to House of Representatives

Senate

Template:Main Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 means their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1976; Class 2 means their term began with this Congress, facing re-election in 1978; and Class 3 means their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1974. Template:Col-begin Template:Col-2