Close front rounded vowel
Template:Short description Template:Redirect-distinguish Template:Infobox IPA Template:IPA vowels
The close front rounded vowel, or high front rounded vowel,<ref>Template:Vowel terminology</ref> is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA. Across many languages, it is most commonly represented orthographically as Template:Angbr (in German, Turkish, Estonian and Hungarian) or Template:Angbr (in Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, Finnish and Albanian) but also as Template:Angbr (in French and Dutch and the Kernewek Kemmyn standard of Cornish); Template:Angbr/Template:Angbr (in the romanization of various Asian languages); Template:Angbr (in Cyrillic-based writing systems such as that for Chechen); or Template:Angbr (in Cyrillic-based writing systems such as that for Tatar).
Short Template:IPA and long Template:IPA occurred in pre-Modern Greek. In the Attic and Ionic dialects of Ancient Greek, front Template:IPA developed by fronting from back Template:IPA around the 6th to 7th century BC. A little later, the diphthong Template:IPA when not before another vowel monophthongized and merged with long Template:IPA. In Koine Greek, the diphthong Template:IPA changed to Template:IPA, likely through the intermediate stages Template:IPA and Template:IPA. Through vowel shortening in Koine Greek, long Template:IPA merged with short Template:IPA. Later, Template:IPA unrounded to Template:IPA, yielding the pronunciation of Modern Greek. For more information, see the articles on Ancient Greek and Koine Greek phonology.
The close front rounded vowel is the vocalic equivalent of the labialized palatal approximant Template:IPA. Template:IPA alternates with Template:IPA in certain languages, such as French, and in the diphthongs of some languages, Template:Angbr IPA with the non-syllabic diacritic and Template:Angbr IPA are used in different transcription systems to represent the same sound.
In most languages, this rounded vowel is pronounced with compressed lips ('exolabial'). However, in a few cases the lips are protruded ('endolabial').
Close front compressed vowel
The close front compressed vowel is typically transcribed in IPA simply as Template:Angbr IPA, and that is the convention used in this article. There is no dedicated diacritic for compression in the IPA. However, the compression of the lips can be shown with the letter Template:IPAalink as Template:Angbr IPA (simultaneous Template:IPA and labial compression) or Template:Angbr IPA (Template:IPA modified with labial compression). The spread-lip diacritic Template:Angbr IPA may also be used with a rounded vowel letter Template:Angbr IPA as an ad hoc symbol, though technically 'spread' means unrounded.
Features
Template:Close vowel Template:Front vowel Template:Palatal Template:Compressed vowel
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Occurrence
Because front rounded vowels are assumed to have compression, and few descriptions cover the distinction, some of the following may actually have protrusion.
Close front protruded vowel
Template:Infobox IPA Catford notesTemplate:Full citation needed that most languages with rounded front and back vowels use distinct types of labialization, protruded back vowels and compressed front vowels. However, a few languages, such as Scandinavian ones, have protruded front vowels. One of these, Swedish, even contrasts the two types of rounding in front vowels (see near-close near-front rounded vowel, with Swedish examples of both types of rounding).
As there are no diacritics in the IPA to distinguish protruded and compressed rounding, an old diacritic for labialization, Template:Angbr IPA, will be used here as an ad hoc symbol for protruded front vowels. Another possible transcription is Template:Angbr IPA or Template:Angbr IPA (a close front vowel modified by endolabialization), but this could be misread as a diphthong.
Acoustically, this sound is "between" the more typical compressed close front vowel Template:IPA and the unrounded close front vowel Template:IPAblink.
Features
Template:Close vowel Template:Front vowel Template:Palatal Template:Protruded vowel
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KurdishTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp | Palewani (Southern) | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'mountain' | Allophone of Template:IPAblink in regional dialects. See Kurdish phonology |
| NorwegianTemplate:Sfnp | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'south' | The example word is from Urban East Norwegian, in which the vowel varies in rounding between protruded Template:IPA and compressed Template:IPAblink. It can be diphthongized to Template:IPA.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp See Norwegian phonology. | |
| Swedish | Central StandardTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'howl' | Often realized as a sequence Template:IPA or Template:IPATemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp (hear the word: Template:Audio-IPA); it may also be fricated Template:IPA or, in some regions, fricated and centralized (Template:IPAblink).Template:Sfnp See Swedish phonology |
See also
Notes
References
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