Voiced palatal nasal

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Template:Short description Template:Redirect Template:Infobox IPA Template:Infobox IPA

A voiced palatal nasal is a type of consonant used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA,Template:Sfnp a lowercase letter n with a leftward-pointing tail protruding from the bottom of the left stem of the letter. The letter Template:Angbr IPA is visually similar to Template:Angbr IPA, the symbol for the retroflex nasal, which has a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of the right stem, and to Template:Angbr IPA, the symbol for the velar nasal, which has a leftward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of the right stem.

The IPA symbol derives from Template:Angbr IPA and Template:Angbr IPA, Template:Angbr IPA for nasality and Template:Angbr IPA denoting palatalization.Template:Sfnp In Spanish and languages whose writing systems are influenced by Spanish orthography, it is represented by the letter Template:Angbr, called eñe ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}). In French and Italian orthographies the sound is represented by the digraph Template:Angbr. Occitan uses the digraph Template:Angbr, the source of the same Portuguese digraph called ene-agá (Template:Literal translation), used thereafter by languages whose writing systems are influenced by Portuguese orthography, such as Vietnamese.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> In Catalan, Hungarian, Aragonese and many African languages, as Swahili or Dinka, the digraph Template:Angbr is used. In Albanian and Serbo-Croatian, the digraph (Nj) is used, and sometimes, for the languages with the Cyrillic script that used to be part of Yugoslavia, uses the (Њњ) Cyrillic ligature that might be part of the official alphabet. In Czech and Slovak, {{#invoke:IPA|main}} is represented by letter Template:Angbr whilst Kashubian and Polish use Template:Angbr. Latvian and Livonian use Template:Angbr. In Bengali it is represented by the letter Template:Angbr.

What is transcribed Template:Angbr IPA is often actually a voiced alveolo-palatal nasal. There is no dedicated symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound, which is one reason that Template:Angbr IPA is used. If more precision is desired, it may be transcribed Template:Angbr IPA. There is a non-IPA letter, Template:Unichar; Template:Ifsubst style="color:gray">Template:Angbr IPA (Template:Angbr, plus the curl found in the symbols for alveolo-palatal sibilant fricatives Template:Angle brackets), which is used especially in Sinological circles.

An alveolo-palatal nasal is commonly described as palatal; it is often unclear whether a language has a true palatal or not. Many languages claimed to have a palatal nasal, such as Portuguese, actually have an alveolo-palatal nasal.Template:Dub This is likely true of several of the languages listed here. Some dialects of Irish as well as some non-standard dialects of Malayalam are reported to contrast alveolo-palatal and palatal nasals.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp

Palatal nasals are more common than the palatal stops {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.Template:Sfnp

Features

File:Voiced palatal nasal.svg

Features of a voiced palatal nasal:

Template:Nasal stop Template:Palatal Template:Voiced Template:Nasal Template:Central articulation Template:Pulmonic

Occurrence

Palatal or alveolo-palatal

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
!KungTemplate:Sfnp Template:Example needed — — Represented by Template:Angbr
Albanian lang}} main}} 'one'
Amharic lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'nine'
Aragonese lang}} main}} 'June'
Aranda Template:Example needed — — Alveolo-palatal and dento-alveolo-palatal.Template:Sfnp
Asturian lang}} main}} 'hut' See Asturian phonology
Basque lang}} main}} 'female teacher'
BengaliTemplate:Sfnp lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'mister'
Bulgarian lang}} main}} 'blue' lang}}, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, and {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}. See Bulgarian phonology
BurmeseTemplate:Sfnp lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'right(-hand side)' Contrasts with the voiceless palatal nasal {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.
CatalanTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'year' Alveolo-palatal or palatal.Template:Sfnp See Catalan phonology
Cantonese Wuzhou dialect lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'day' main}} is used instead. The romanization uses extended Jyutping).
Czech lang}} main}} 'horse' May be intermediate between palatal and alveolo-palatal.Template:Sfnp See Czech phonology
Dinka lang}} main}} 'very'
DutchTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'orange' Not all dialects. See Dutch phonology
English Malay dialect canyon main}} 'canyon' Common in Malay, allophone of {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.
French lang}} Template:Audio-IPA 'onion' See French phonology
GalicianTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'wine' See Galician phonology
Greek lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'New Year's Day' Alveolo-palatal.Template:Sfnp See Modern Greek phonology
HaketiaTemplate:Sfnp main}} 'spiritual' In free variation with Template:IPAblink when immediately before Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp
Hindustani Hindi lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} / Template:Transliteration {{#invoke:IPA|main}} 'bird' Usually written in Urdu with Template:IPAblink, and usually with anuswar in Devanagari, written here with the dead consonant to demonstrate proper spelling. See Hindustani phonology
Urdu lang}} / Template:Transliteration
Hmong White Hmong lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'daughter-in-law'
HungarianTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'mother' Alveolo-palatal with alveolar contact.Template:Sfnp See Hungarian phonology
Italian Standard lang}} main}} 'bath' Postalveolo-prepalatal.Template:Sfnp See Italian phonology
Romanesco dialect lang}} main}} 'nothing'
IrishTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'yesterday' main}}, palatal/palatovelar {{#invoke:IPA|main}}, velar {{#invoke:IPA|main}} and, in some dialects, palatalized alveolar {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.Template:SfnpTemplate:SfnpTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp See Irish phonology
JapaneseTemplate:Sfnp lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'garden' Alveolar or dento-alveolar.Template:Sfnp See Japanese phonology
Khasi lang}} main}} 'snake'
Khmer lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'full' See Khmer phonology
Korean lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'evening' Alveolo-palatal. See Korean phonology
Kurdish Southern lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'eleven' See Kurdish phonology
Latvian lang}} main}} 'cloudy' See Latvian phonology
Macedonian lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'itching' See Macedonian phonology
MalagasyTemplate:Sfnp Template:Example needed — — Palatal.
Malay lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} main}} 'a lot' main}} before {{#invoke:IPA|main}} and {{#invoke:IPA|main}} so {{#invoke:IPA|main}} 'peak' is read as {{#invoke:IPA|main}}, not {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. See Malay phonology
MalayalamTemplate:Sfnp lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'I'
Mandarin Sichuanese lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'women' Alveolo-palatal
MapudungunTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'spiced blood'
North Frisian Mooring lang}} main}} 'to fly'
Norwegian NorthernTemplate:Sfnp {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} 'man' See Norwegian phonology
SouthernTemplate:Sfnp
Occitan Northern {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} 'Poland' Simultaneous alveolo-palatal and dento-alveolar or dento-alveolo-palatal.Template:Sfnp See Occitan phonology
Southern
Gascon lang}} main}} 'bath'
PolishTemplate:Sfnp lang}} Template:Audio-IPA 'horse' Alveolo-palatal. May be replaced by a nasal palatal approximant in coda position or before fricatives. See Polish phonology
Portuguese Many dialects<ref name="J. L. Leite">Considerações sobre o status das palato-alveolares em português Template:Webarchive, p. 12.</ref> lang}} main}} 'Sonia' main}} plus vowel.
Brazilian<ref name="J. L. Leite" />Template:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'to dream' Central palatal, not the same that Template:IPAslink which is pre-palatal.<ref>Template:Harvnb. Citation:Em português, o {{#invoke:IPA|main}} se aproxima mais do Template:IPAblink do que do Template:IPAblink; por isso será classificado como "central" e não como pré-palatal. O Template:IPAblink em muitas línguas se realiza como "central"; em português, Template:IPAblink tende a {{#invoke:IPA|main}} e se realiza sempre na região prepalatal.</ref> May instead be approximant<ref name="vinho">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>Template:Sfnp in Brazil and Africa. May be pronounced {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. See Portuguese phonology

EuropeanTemplate:Sfnp lang}} Template:Audio-IPA 'to scratch'
Quechua lang}} main}} 'I'
Romanian Transylvanian dialectsTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'dog' Alveolo-palatal.Template:Sfnp corresponds to Template:IPAblink in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology
Sanskrit lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'sacrifice' See Sanskrit phonology
Scottish GaelicTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'sing' Dento-alveolo-palatal. See Scottish Gaelic phonology
Serbo-CroatianTemplate:Sfnp lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} / main}} 'to her' Alveolo-palatal. See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Sinhala lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'Spain'
Slovak lang}} main}} 'liver' Alveolar.Template:Sfnp See Slovak phonology
Slovene Some speakers, archaic lang}} main}} 'horse' See Slovene phonology
SpanishTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'Spanish' Simultaneous alveolo-palatal and dento-alveolar or dento-alveolo-palatal.Template:Sfnp See Spanish phonology
Swahili lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} main}} 'meat'
Tamil lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'Sunday' Alveolo-palatal.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> See Tamil phonology
Toki Pona Some speakers lang}} main}} 'line'
Tyap lang}} main}} 'animal'
Ukrainian lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'shadow' Alveolo-palatal. See Ukrainian phonology
West Frisian lang}} main}} 'next to' main}}. See West Frisian phonology
Vietnamese Hanoi lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} main}} 'agile, to run fast, vivacious' "Laminoalveolar".Template:Sfnp See Vietnamese phonology
Ha Tinh lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} main}}
Wolof lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
Wu Shanghainese lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'women' Alveolo-palatal.
Changzhounese lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'you' Alveolo-palatal.
Yi lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'sit' Alveolo-palatal.
Zulu lang}} main}} 'bird' Alveolo-palatal.Template:Sfnp

Post-palatal

Template:Infobox IPA

There is also a post-palatal nasal (also called pre-velar, fronted velar etc.) in some languages.

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
German StandardTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'common' main}} before and after front vowels;Template:Sfnp the example also illustrates Template:IPAblink. See Standard German phonology
LithuanianTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'cod' main}} before palatalized velars;Template:Sfnp typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See Lithuanian phonology
MapudungunTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'nest'
PolishTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'coal' main}} before {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp See Polish phonology
RomanianTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'inquiry' main}} used before the palatalized allophones of {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.Template:Sfnp Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See Romanian phonology
Turkish lang}} main}} 'color' main}} before {{#invoke:IPA|main}} and {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. See Turkish phonology
UzbekTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'thousand' main}} after front vowels.Template:Sfnp
Vietnamese Hanoi lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} main}} 'agile, to run fast, vivacious' main}}. See Vietnamese phonology
YanyuwaTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'strip of turtle fat' Post-palatal; contrasts with post-velar Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp

See also

Notes

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References

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