Voiced dental and alveolar plosives

Template:Short description Template:Infobox IPA Template:Infobox IPA

Voiced alveolar and dental plosives (or stops) are a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiced dental, alveolar, and postalveolar plosives is Template:Angbr IPA (although the symbol Template:Angbr IPA can be used to distinguish the dental plosive, and Template:Angbr IPA the postalveolar).

There are only a few languages that distinguish dental and alveolar stops, among them Kota, Toda, Venda and some Irish dialects.

Features

Features of a voiced alveolar stop:

Template:Plosive

There are three specific variants of {{#invoke:IPA|main}}:
- Dental, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the upper teeth, termed respectively apical and laminal.
- Denti-alveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, and the tip of the tongue behind upper teeth.
- Alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.

Template:Voiced Template:Oral Template:Central articulation Template:Pulmonic

Varieties

IPA	Description
{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	plain d
{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	dental d
{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	postalveolar d
{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	breathy d
{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	palatalized d
{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	labialized d
{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	d with no audible release
{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	voiceless d
{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	tense d

Occurrence

Dental

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Albanian		lang}}	main}}	'door'
Arabic	Egyptian	lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'world'	See Egyptian Arabic phonology
Armenian	Eastern Template:Sfnp	lang}} / Template:Transliteration	Template:Audio-IPA	'face'	Laminal denti-alveolar.
Armenian	Western	lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'to give'	Laminal denti-alveolar.
Bashkir		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'four'
Basque		lang}}	main}}	'money'	Laminal denti-alveolar.
Belarusian Template:Sfnp		lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	main}}	'travel'	Laminal denti-alveolar. See Belarusian phonology
Bengali		lang}}/Template:Transliteration	main}}	'milk'	Laminal denti-alveolar. Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. See Bengali phonology
Catalan Template:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'dragon'	Laminal denti-alveolar. See Catalan phonology
Dinka Template:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'distinct'	Laminal denti-alveolar. Contrasts with alveolar {{#invoke:IPA\|main}}.
Dhivehi		lang}}/[[Malé Latin\|Template:Transliteration]]	main}}	'sad'	Laminal denti-alveolar.
Dutch	Belgian	lang}}	main}}	'thing'	Laminal denti-alveolar.
English	Dublin Template:Sfnp	then	{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	'then'	Laminal denti-alveolar.	Corresponds to Template:IPAblink in other dialects. In Dublin it may be Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp	See English phonology
	Southern Irish Template:Sfnp
	Geordie Template:Sfnp					main}}; may be realized as Template:IPAblink instead.Template:Sfnp
	Indian
	Ulster<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>\|\| dream \|\| {{#invoke:IPA\|main}} \|\| 'dream' \|\| Allophone of {{#invoke:IPA\|main}} before {{#invoke:IPA\|main}}, in free variation with an alveolar stop.
Esperanto		lang}}	main}}	'world'	See Esperanto phonology.
French Template:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'canopy'	Laminal denti-alveolar. See French phonology
Georgian Template:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'tail'	Laminal denti-alveolar. See Georgian phonology
Hindustani Template:Sfnp	Hindi	lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	'milk'	Laminal denti-alveolar. Hindustani contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms.	Contrasts with aspirated form <ध>.	See Hindi-Urdu phonology
Hindustani Template:Sfnp	Urdu	lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	'milk'		Contrasts with aspirated form <دھ>.	See Hindi-Urdu phonology
Hungarian		lang}}	main}}	'tax'	See Hungarian phonology
Irish		lang}}	main}}	'dark'	Laminal denti-alveolar. See Irish phonology
Italian Template:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'to give'	Laminal denti-alveolar. See Italian phonology
Japanese Template:Sfnp		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	main}}	'masculine'	Laminal denti-alveolar. See Japanese phonology
Kashubian<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation		CitationClass=web }}</ref>\|\| colspan="2" \| Template:Example needed \|\| \|\|colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar.
Kazakh		lang}}	main}}	'friend'	Laminal denti-alveolar.
Kyrgyz Template:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'friend'	Laminal denti-alveolar.
Latvian Template:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'fever'	Laminal denti-alveolar. See Latvian phonology
Marathi		lang}}/Template:Transliteration	main}}	'stone'	Laminal denti-alveolar. Marathi contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. See Marathi phonology
Minangkabau	Padang	lang}}	main}}	'near'	Laminal denti-alveolar.
Nepali		lang}}/Template:Transliteration	main}}	'daytime'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Nepali Phonology
Odia		lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	main}}	'ten'	Laminal denti-alveolar. Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms.
Pashto		lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	main}}	'two'	Laminal denti-alveolar.
Polish Template:Sfnp		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'home'	Laminal denti-alveolar. See Polish phonology
Portuguese Template:Sfnp	Many dialects	lang}}	main}}	'to give'	Laminal denti-alveolar. May palatalize or lenite in certain environments, depending on dialect. See Portuguese phonology
Punjabi	Gurmukhi	ਦਾਲ/dāl	{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	'lentils'	Laminal denti-alveolar.
Punjabi	Shahmukhi	lang}}/dāl	{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	'lentils'	Laminal denti-alveolar.
Russian Template:Sfnp		lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	main}}	'two'	Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with a palatalized alveolar variant. See Russian phonology
Scottish Gaelic	Uist and Barra	lang}}	main}}	'following'	Allophone of Template:IPAblink after nasals. See Scottish Gaelic phonology
Serbo-Croatian Template:Sfnp		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	main}}	'rainbow'	Laminal denti-alveolar. See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Sinhala		lang}}	main}}	'day'
Slovene Template:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'today'	Laminal denti-alveolar. See Slovene phonology
Spanish Template:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'sunken'	Laminal denti-alveolar. See Spanish phonology
Telugu		lang}}	main}}	'Kindness'	Laminal denti-alveolar. Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. Aspirated form articulated as breathy consonant.
Turkish		lang}}	main}}	'twig'	Laminal denti-alveolar. See Turkish phonology
Ukrainian<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>Template:Sfnp		lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	main}}	'tree'	Laminal denti-alveolar. See Ukrainian phonology
Uzbek Template:Sfnp		{{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	[siɸætidæ]	'as'	Laminal denti-alveolar.
Wu		lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	main}}	'the Tang dynasty'
Zapotec	Tilquiapan Template:Sfnp	dan	main}}	'countryside'	Laminal denti-alveolar.

Alveolar

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Adyghe		lang}}/daahė	main}}	'pretty'
Assyrian		lang}}	main}}]	'flower'	Predominant in the Urmia, Jilu, Baz, Gawar and Nochiya dialects. Corresponds to Template:IPAblink in other varieties.
Bengali		ডাব/ḍab	main}}	'green coconut'	True alveolar in eastern dialects, apical post-alveolar in western dialects. Usually transcribed in IPA as [[[:Template:IPA link]]]. See Bengali phonology.
Catalan Template:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'said before'	Laminal alveolar. See Catalan phonology
Czech		lang}}	main}}	'into'	See Czech phonology
Dutch Template:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'roof'	See Dutch phonology
English	Most speakers	dash	main}}	'dash'	See English phonology
Finnish		lang}}	main}}	'bond'	See Finnish phonology
Greek		lang}}	main}}	'shame'	See Modern Greek phonology
Hebrew		lang}}/ do'ar	main}}	'mail'	See Modern Hebrew phonology
Hmong	White Hmong	Template:Script / {{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	main}}	'water'	In Green Hmong, it'll be Template:Script / {{#invoke:Lang\|lang}} {{#invoke:IPA\|main}}
Hungarian		lang}}	main}}	'onto the moon'	Allophone of [d̪] before [r] or [ɾ]. See Hungarian phonology
Kabardian		lang}}/ daahė	main}}	'pretty'
Khmer		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'bottle'
Korean		lang}} / adeul	main}}	'son'	See Korean phonology
Kurdish	Northern	lang}}	main}}	'tooth'	See Kurdish phonology
	Central	lang}}/ dadân	main}}
	Southern	lang}}/dîân	main}}
Luxembourgish Template:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'brother'	More often voiceless Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp See Luxembourgish phonology
Malay	Standard (incl. Malaysian)	{{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	main}}	'branch'	See Malay phonology
	Indonesian Template:Sfnp				See Malay phonology
	Kelantan-Pattani		[dahɛː]		See Kelantan-Pattani Malay
Maltese		lang}}	main}}	'wit'
Tagalog		lang}}	main}}	'maiden'	See Tagalog phonology
Thai		lang}}/ dāw	main}}	'star'
Welsh		diafol	[djavɔl]	'devil'	See Welsh phonology
West Frisian		lang}}	main}}	'village'
Yi		lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	main}}	'competent'
Yonaguni		lang}} / dunan	main}}	'Yonaguni'

Postalveolar

Language	Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Bengali<ref name="mazumdar">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	lang}}	main}}	'robber'	Apical postalveolar.<ref name="mazumdar"/> See Bengali phonology
Hindustani<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref name="tiwari">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	main}}	'to put'	Apical postalveolar.<ref name="tiwari"/> See Hindustani phonology
Nepali	lang}}	main}}	'fear'	Apical postalveolar. See Nepali phonology
Odia	lang}}/ḍaṅgā	main}}	'boat'	Apical postalveolar.

Variable

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Arabic		lang}}/dīn	main}}	'religion'	Laminal denti-alveolar or alveolar, depending on the dialect. See Arabic phonology.
English	Broad South African Template:Sfnp	dawn	main}}	'dawn'	Laminal denti-alveolar for some speakers, alveolar for other speakers.Template:Sfnp Template:Sfnp Template:Sfnp
	Scottish Template:Sfnp		main}}
	Welsh Template:Sfnp		main}}
German	Standard Template:Sfnp	lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'or'	Varies between laminal denti-alveolar, laminal alveolar and apical alveolar.Template:Sfnp See Standard German phonology
Norwegian	Urban East<ref name="kris22">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	lang}}	main}}	'dance'	Partially voiced or fully voiceless Template:IPAblink. Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and laminal alveolar.<ref name="kris22"/> See Norwegian phonology
Persian<ref name="mah">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}/edāre	main}}	'office'	Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and apical alveolar.<ref name="mah"/> See Persian phonology
Slovak Template:Sfnp Template:Sfnp		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'into'	Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and laminal alveolar.Template:Sfnp Template:Sfnp See Slovak phonology
Swedish	Central Standard<ref name="riad46">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	lang}}	main}}	'day'	Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and alveolar, with the former being predominant.<ref name="riad46"/> May be an approximant in casual speech. See Swedish phonology

Notes

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References

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External links

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Voiced dental and alveolar plosives

Contents

Features

Varieties

Occurrence

Dental

Alveolar

Postalveolar

Variable

See also

Notes

References

External links

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Voiced dental and alveolar plosives

Features

Varieties

Occurrence

Dental

Alveolar

Postalveolar

Variable

See also

Notes

References

External links

Navigation menu

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