1866–67 United States House of Representatives elections

Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox election The 1866–67 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 4, 1866, and September 6, 1867. They occurred during President Andrew Johnson's term just one year after the American Civil War ended when the Union defeated the Confederacy. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives. Members were elected before or after the first session of the 40th United States Congress convened on March 4, 1867, including the at-large seat from the new state of Nebraska. Ten secessionist states still had not yet been readmitted, and therefore were not seated.

The 1866 elections were a decisive event in the early Reconstruction era, in which President Johnson faced off against the Radical Republicans in a bitter dispute over whether Reconstruction should be lenient or harsh toward the vanquished white South.

Most of the congressmen from the former Confederate states were either prevented from leaving the state or were arrested on the way to the capital. A Congress consisting of mostly Radical Republicans sat early in the Capitol and aside from the delegation from Tennessee who were allowed in, the few Southern Congressmen who arrived were not seated.

Background

Johnson, a War Democrat, had been elected Vice President in the 1864 presidential election as the running mate of Abraham Lincoln, a Republican. (The Republicans had chosen not to re-nominate Hannibal Hamlin for a second term as vice president).

Lincoln and Johnson ran together under the banner of the National Union Party, which brought together Republicans (with the exception of some hard-line abolitionist Radical Republicans who backed John C. Frémont, who eventually dropped out of the race after brokering a deal with Lincoln) and the War Democrats (the minority of Democrats who backed Lincoln's prosecution of the war, as opposed to the Peace Democrats, or Copperheads, who favored a negotiated settlement with the Confederates).

After the assassination of Lincoln, Johnson became president. He immediately became embroiled in a dispute with the Radical Republicans over the conditions of Reconstruction; Johnson favored a lenient Reconstruction, while Radical Republicans wanted to continue the military occupation of the South and force Southern states to give freedmen (the newly freed slaves) civil rights (and the right to vote).

Campaign and results

Johnson stumped the country in a public speaking tour known as the Swing Around the Circle; he generally supported Democrats but his speeches were poorly received.

The Republicans won in a landslide, capturing enough seats to override Johnson's vetoes. Only the border states of Delaware, Maryland, and Kentucky voted for Democrats. Recently Reconstructed Tennessee sent a Republican delegation. The other 10 ex-Confederate states did not vote. As a percentage of the total number of seats available in the House of Representatives, the Republican majority attained in the election of 1866 has never been exceeded in any subsequent Congress. The Democratic Party was able to achieve similar success only in the political environment of the era of the Great Depression in the 1930s.

Election summaries

Seven secessionist states were readmitted during this Congress, filling 32 vacancies, but are not included in this table if they were not elected within 1866 through 1867.<ref>Martis, pp. 120–121; Dubin, p. 209.</ref>

↓

style="background:Template:Party color; width:22.8%" | 44	style="background:Template:Party color; width:0.5%" | 4	style="background:Template:Party color; width:76.2%" | 147
Democratic	Template:Efn	Republican

State	Type	Date	Total seats	colspan=2 Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic	colspan=2 Template:Party shading/Conservative | Conservative	colspan=2 Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican	Others
				Template:Party shading/Democratic | Seats	Template:Party shading/Democratic | Change	Template:Party shading/Conservative | Seats	Template:Party shading/Conservative | Change	Template:Party shading/Republican | Seats	Template:Party shading/Republican | Change	Seats	Change
Oregon	At-large	June 4, 1866	1	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 0	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 1	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
Vermont	Districts	Sep 4, 1866	3	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 0	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 3	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
Maine	Districts	Sep 10, 1866	5	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 0	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 5	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
Indiana	Districts	Oct 9, 1866	11	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 3	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=1 | Template:Increase 1	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 8	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=-1 | Template:Decrease 1	0	Template:Steady
Iowa	Districts	Oct 9, 1866	6	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 0	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 6	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
Nebraska	At-large	Oct 9, 1866	1	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 0	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 1	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
Ohio	Districts	Oct 9, 1866	19	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 2	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 17	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
Pennsylvania	Districts	Oct 9, 1866	24	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 6	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=-3 | Template:Decrease 3	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 18	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=3 | Template:Increase 3	0	Template:Steady
West Virginia	Districts	Oct 25, 1866	3	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 0	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 3	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=3 | Template:Increase 3	0	Template:Decrease 3Template:Efn
Delaware	At-large	Nov 6, 1866 (Election Day)Template:Efn	1	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 1	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 0	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
Illinois	District + 1 at-large		14	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 3	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 11	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
Kansas	At-large		1	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 0	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 1	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
Maryland	Districts		5	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 3	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=1 | Template:Increase 1	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 1	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=1 | Template:Increase 1	Template:Party shading/Republican | 1	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=1 | Template:Increase 1	0	Template:Decrease 3Template:Efn
Massachusetts	Districts		10	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 0	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 10	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
Michigan	Districts		6	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 0	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 6	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
Minnesota	Districts		2	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 0	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 2	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
Missouri	Districts		9	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 1	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 8	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
Nevada	At-large		1	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 0	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 1	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
New Jersey	Districts		5	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 2	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=-1 | Template:Decrease 1	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 3	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=1 | Template:Increase 1	0	Template:Steady
New York	Districts		31	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 10	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=-1 | Template:Decrease 1	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 21Template:Efn	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=1 | Template:Increase 1	0	Template:Steady
Wisconsin	Districts		6	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 1	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 5	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
Late elections (after the March 4, 1867 beginning of Congress)
New Hampshire	Districts	Mar 12, 1867	3	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 0	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 3	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
Connecticut	Districts	Apr 1, 1867	4	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 3	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=3 | Template:Increase 3	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 1	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=-3 | Template:Decrease 3	0	Template:Steady
Rhode Island	Districts	Apr 3, 1867	2	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 0	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 2	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
Kentucky	Districts	May 4, 1867	9Template:Efn	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 7	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=2 | Template:Increase 2	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 1	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=1 | Template:Increase 1	0	Template:Decrease 4Template:Efn
Tennessee	Districts	Aug 3, 1867	8	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 0	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 8	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=8 | Template:Increase 8	0	Template:Decrease 8Template:Efn
California	Districts	Sep 6, 1867	3	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 2	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=2 | Template:Increase 2	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 1	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=-2 | Template:Decrease 2	0	Template:Steady
Secessionist states not yet readmitted
Alabama	Districts	—	6	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 0	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 0	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
Arkansas	Districts	—	3	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 0	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 0	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
Florida	At-large	—	1	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 0	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 0	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
Georgia	Districts	—	7	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 0	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 0	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
Louisiana	Districts	—	5	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 0	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 0	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
Mississippi	Districts	—	5	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 0	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 0	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
North Carolina	Districts	—	7	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 0	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 0	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
South Carolina	Districts	—	4	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 0	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 0	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
Texas	Districts	—	4	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 0	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 0	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
Virginia	Districts	—	8	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 0	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 0	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	Template:Party shading/Republican | 0	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=0 | Template:Steady	0	Template:Steady
TotalTemplate:Efn			193Template:Efn	Template:Party shading/Democratic | 44 Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=4 | Template:Increase 4	Template:Party shading/Conservative | 1 Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Conservative data-sort-value=1 | Template:Increase 1	Template:Party shading/Republican | 147Template:Efn Template:Small	Template:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=12 | Template:Increase 12	0 Template:Small	Template:Decrease 18Template:Efn

Results shaded according to winning candidate's share of vote. Data from Electing the House of Representatives by the University of Richmond

Template:Bar boxTemplate:Bar boxThe party affiliations of the 4 Representatives elected in Texas's rejected elections are unknown.

Special elections

39th Congress

|- ! Template:Ushr | Lovell Rousseau | Template:Party shading/Unconditional Unionist | Unconditional
Unionist | 1865 | Template:Party shading/Unionist/Hold | Incumbent resigned July 21, 1866 following his assault of Josiah Grinnell.
Incumbent re-elected September 15, 1866.
Unconditional Unionist hold. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Green C. Smith | Template:Party shading/Unconditional Unionist | Unconditional
Unionist | 1861 | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent resigned July 13, 1866 to become Governor of Montana Territory.
New member elected September 15, 1866.
Democratic gain. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Henry Grider | Template:Party shading/Text/Democratic | 1861 | Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent died September 7, 1866.
New member elected October 6, 1866.
Democratic hold. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | James Humphrey | Template:Party shading/Text/Republican | 1864 | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent died June 16, 1866.
New member elected November 6, 1866.
Democratic gain. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|}

40th Congress

|- ! Template:Ushr | Elijah Hise | Template:Party shading/Text/Democratic | [[1866 Kentucky's 3rd congressional district special election|1866 Template:Small]] | Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent died May 6, 1867.
New member elected August 5, 1867.
Democratic hold. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Rutherford B. Hayes | Template:Party shading/Text/Republican | 1864 | Template:Party shading/Independent Republican | Incumbent resigned July 20, 1867 to run for Governor of Ohio.
New member elected October 8, 1867.
Independent Republican gain. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Charles Denison | Template:Party shading/Text/Democratic | 1862 | Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent died June 27, 1867.
New member elected October 8, 1867.
Democratic hold. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Thomas E. Noell | Template:Party shading/Text/Democratic | 1864 | Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent died October 3, 1867.
New member elected November 5, 1867.
Democratic hold. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Roscoe Conkling | Template:Party shading/Text/Republican | 1864 | Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent resigned March 3, 1867 when elected U.S. senator.
New member elected November 5, 1867.
Republican hold. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|}

California

Template:Infobox election {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also

|- ! Template:Ushr | Donald C. McRuer | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | William Higby | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1863 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | John Bidwell | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|}

Colorado Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Connecticut

|- ! Template:Ushr | Henry C. Deming | Template:Party shading/Republican/Text | 1863 | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Samuel L. Warner | Template:Party shading/Republican/Text | 1861 | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Augustus Brandegee | Template:Party shading/Republican/Text | 1863 | Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | John Henry Hubbard | Template:Party shading/Republican/Text | 1863 | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic gain. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|}

Dakota Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Idaho Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Massachusetts

|- ! Template:Ushr | Thomas D. Eliot | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Oakes Ames | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Alexander H. Rice | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold |Incumbent retired.
Republican hold. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Samuel Hooper | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1861 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | John B. Alley | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold |Incumbent retired.
Republican hold. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Nathaniel P. Banks | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1865 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | George S. Boutwell | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist |- ! Template:Ushr | John D. Baldwin | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | William B. Washburn | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Henry L. Dawes | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|}

Missouri

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also

Missouri elected its members on November 6, 1866.

|- ! Template:Ushr | John Hogan | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1864 | Template:Party shading/Unconditional Unionist | Incumbent lost re-election as a Conservative Unionist.
Radical Union gain. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Henry T. Blow | Template:Party shading/Unconditional Unionist | Radical Union | 1862 | Template:Party shading/Unconditional Unionist/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Radical Union hold. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Thomas E. Noell | Template:Party shading/Unconditional Unionist | Radical Union | 1864 | Template:Party shading/Conservative | Incumbent re-elected as a Conservative Unionist.
Conservative Union gain. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | John R. Kelso | Template:Party shading/Independent Republican | Independent Union | 1864 | Template:Party shading/Unconditional Unionist | Incumbent retired.
Radical Union gain. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Joseph W. McClurg | Template:Party shading/Unconditional Unionist | Radical Union | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Robert T. Van Horn | Template:Party shading/Unconditional Unionist | Radical Union | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Benjamin F. Loan | Template:Party shading/Unconditional Unionist | Radical Union | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | John F. Benjamin | Template:Party shading/Unconditional Unionist | Radical Union | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | George W. Anderson | Template:Party shading/Unconditional Unionist | Radical Union | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|}

Montana Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Nebraska

There were two elections in the new state of Nebraska in 1866: on June 6 for the remainder of the current term, and October 9 for the next term.

39th Congress

Template:USCongressElectionTableHead |- ! Template:Ushr | colspan=3 | New state | Template:Party shading/Republican | New seat.
Republican gain.
New member seated March 2, 1867. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|}

40th Congress

Template:USCongressElectionTableHead |- ! Template:Ushr | Turner M. Marquett | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1866 | Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|}

New Mexico Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Ohio

Template:See also Democrats gained one seat this election in Ohio. It was later contested and awarded to the Republican for a net gain of zero.

|- ! Template:Ushr | Benjamin Eggleston | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Rutherford B. Hayes | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Robert C. Schenck | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | William Lawrence | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Francis C. Le Blond | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1862 | Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Reader W. Clarke | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Samuel Shellabarger | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | James Randolph Hubbell | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 | Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Ralph P. Buckland | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | James M. Ashley | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Hezekiah S. Bundy | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 | Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | William E. Finck | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1862 | Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Columbus Delano | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election
Democratic gain.Template:Efn | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Martin Welker | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Tobias A. Plants | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | John Bingham | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Ephraim R. Eckley | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Rufus P. Spalding | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | James A. Garfield | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|}

Tennessee

Template:See also Elections held late, on August 1, 1867.

|- ! Template:Ushr | Nathaniel G. Taylor | Template:Party shading/Unionist | Unionist | 1865 | Template:Party shading/Republican |Incumbent retired.
Republican gain. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Horace Maynard | Template:Party shading/Unionist | Unionist | 1865 | Template:Party shading/Republican |Incumbent re-elected as a Republican.
Republican gain. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | William B. Stokes | Template:Party shading/Unionist | Unionist | 1865 | Template:Party shading/Republican |Incumbent re-elected as a Republican.
Republican gain. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Edmund Cooper | Template:Party shading/Unionist | Unionist | 1865 | Template:Party shading/Republican |Incumbent lost re-election as a Conservative.
Republican gain. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | William B. Campbell | Template:Party shading/Unionist | Unionist | 1865 | Template:Party shading/Republican |Incumbent retired.
Republican gain. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Samuel M. Arnell | Template:Party shading/Unionist | Unionist | 1865 | Template:Party shading/Republican |Incumbent re-elected as a Republican.
Republican gain. | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Isaac R. Hawkins | Template:Party shading/Unionist | Unionist | 1865 | Template:Party shading/Republican |Incumbent re-elected as a Republican.
Republican gain. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | John W. Leftwich | Template:Party shading/Unionist | Unionist | 1865 | Template:Party shading/Republican |Incumbent lost re-election as a Conservative.
Republican gain. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|}

Utah Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Vermont

Template:USCongressElectionTableHead |- ! Template:Ushr | Frederick E. Woodbridge | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1863 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Justin S. Morrill | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1854 | Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist Template:Collapsible list

|- ! Template:Ushr | Portus Baxter | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1860 | Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican hold. | nowrap | Template:Collapsible list Second ballotTemplate:Plainlist

|}

Washington Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

West Virginia

|- ! Template:Ushr | Chester D. Hubbard | Template:Party shading/Unconditional Unionist | Unconditional
Unionist | 1864 | Template:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican.
Republican gain. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | George R. Latham | Template:Party shading/Unconditional Unionist | Unconditional
Unionist | 1864 | Template:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent retired.
Republican gain. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Kellian Whaley | Template:Party shading/Unconditional Unionist | Unconditional
Unionist | 1863 | Template:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent retired.
Republican gain. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|}

Wisconsin

Template:See also Wisconsin elected six members of congress on Election Day, November 4, 1866.

|- ! Template:Ushr | Halbert E. Paine | Template:Party shading/National Union | National
Union | 1864 | Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Ithamar Sloan | Template:Party shading/National Union | National
Union | 1862 | Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Amasa Cobb | Template:Party shading/National Union | National
Union | 1862 | Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Charles A. Eldredge | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Philetus Sawyer | Template:Party shading/National Union | National
Union | 1864 | Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Walter D. McIndoe | Template:Party shading/National Union | National
Union | [[1862 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin|1862 Template:Small]] | Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|}

Non-voting delegates

|- ! Template:Ushr

|- ! Template:Ushr

|- ! Template:Ushr | Edward D. Holbrook | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr | Samuel McLean | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1864 | Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist

|- ! Template:Ushr

|- ! Template:Ushr

|- ! Template:Ushr

|}

See also

• 1866 United States elections
  • 1866–67 United States Senate elections
• 39th United States Congress
• 40th United States Congress

Bibliography

• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Party stripeTemplate:Cite book, large collection of speeches and primary documents, 1865–1870, complete text online (the copyright has expired)
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}

External links

• Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

{{#invoke:navbox|navbox | name = United States House of Representatives elections | title =United States House of Representatives elections | state = autocollapse | bodyclass = hlist

| group1 = Elections spanning
two years
(through 1879) | list1 =

• 1788–89
• 1790–91
• 1792–93
• 1794–95
• 1796–97
• 1798–99
• 1800–01
• 1802–03
• 1804–05
• 1806–07
• 1808–09
• 1810–11
• 1812–13
• 1814–15
• 1816–17
• 1818–19
• 1820–21
• 1822–23
• 1824–25
• 1826–27
• 1828–29
• 1830–31
• 1832–33
• 1834–35
• 1836–37
• 1838–39
• 1840–41
• 1842–43
• 1844–45
• 1846–47
• 1848–49
• 1850–51
• 1852–53
• 1854–55
• 1856–57
• 1858–59
• 1860–61
• 1862–63
• 1864–65
• 1866–67
• 1868–69
• 1870–71
• 1872–73
• 1874–75
• 1876–77
• 1878–79

|group2 = Elections held
in a single year
(starting 1880) |list2 = child

| 2_group1 = Regulars
and
even-year
specials | 2_list1 =

• 1880
• 1882
• 1884
• 1886
• 1888
• 1890
• 1892
• 1894
• 1896
• 1898
• 1900
• 1902
• 1904
• 1906
• 1908
• 1910
• 1912
• 1914
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• 1926
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• 1932
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• 1936
• 1938
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• 1942
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• 1946
• 1948
• 1950
• 1952
• 1954
• 1956
• 1958
• 1960
• 1962
• 1964
• 1966
• 1968
• 1970
• 1972
• 1974
• 1976
• 1978
• 1980
• 1982
• 1984
• 1986
• 1988
• 1990
• 1992
• 1994
• 1996
• 1998
• 2000
• 2002
• 2004
• 2006
• 2008
• 2010
• 2012
• 2014
• 2016
• 2018
• 2020
• 2022
• 2024
• 2026

| 2_group2 = Odd-year
specials | 2_list2 =

• 1881
• 1883
• 1885
• 1887
• 1889
• 1891
• 1893
• 1895
• 1897
• 1899
• 1901
• 1903
• 1905
• 1907
• 1909
• 1911
• 1913
• 1915
• 1917
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• 1921
• 1923
• 1925
• 1927
• 1929
• 1931
• 1933
• 1935
• 1937
• 1939
• 1941
• 1943
• 1945
• 1947
• 1949
• 1951
• 1953
• 1955
• 1957
• 1959
• 1961
• 1963
• 1965
• 1967
• 1969
• 1971
• 1973
• 1975
• 1977
• 1979
• 1981
• 1983
• 1985
• 1987
• 1989
• 1991
• 1993
• 1995
• 1997
• 1999
• 2001
• 2003
• 2005
• 2007
• 2009
• 2011
• 2013
• 2015
• 2017
• 2019
• 2021
• 2023
• 2025

|group3 = Elections by state |list3 =

• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama|Alabama]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Alaska||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Alaska|Alaska]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona|Arizona]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas|Arkansas]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in California||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in California|California]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Colorado||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Colorado|Colorado]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut|Connecticut]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Delaware||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Delaware|Delaware]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in the District of Columbia||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in the District of Columbia|District of Columbia]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Florida||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Florida|Florida]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia|United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia|Category:United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia (U.S. state)}}|Georgia]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii|Hawaii]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Idaho||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Idaho|Idaho]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Illinois]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana|Indiana]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa|Iowa]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Kansas||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Kansas|Kansas]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky|Kentucky]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana|Louisiana]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Maine||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Maine|Maine]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland|Maryland]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Michigan]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota|Minnesota]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi|Mississippi]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri|Missouri]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Montana||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Montana|Montana]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska|Nebraska]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Nevada||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Nevada|Nevada]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in New Hampshire||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey|New Jersey]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in New Mexico||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in New Mexico|New Mexico]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in New York|United States House of Representatives elections in New York|Category:United States House of Representatives elections in New York (state)}}|New York]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina|North Carolina]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in North Dakota||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in North Dakota|North Dakota]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio|Ohio]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Oklahoma||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Oregon||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Oregon|Oregon]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina|South Carolina]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in South Dakota||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in South Dakota|South Dakota]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee|Tennessee]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Texas||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Texas|Texas]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Utah||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Utah|Utah]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont|Vermont]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia|Virginia]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Washington (state)||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Washington (state)|Washington]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia|West Virginia]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]
• [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Wyoming||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Wyoming|Wyoming]]

|group4 = Seat ratings |list4 =

• 2002
• 2004
• 2006
• 2008
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• 2012
• 2014
• 2016
• 2018
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• 2026

|group5 = Speaker elections |list5 =

• Full list
• 1855–56
• 1923
• 2011
• January 2015
• October 2015
• 2017
• 2019
• 2021
• January 2023
• October 2023
• 2025

|group6 = Summaries |list6 =

• 1789–1822
• 1824–1854
• 1856–present
• Special elections
• Third-party performances

| below =

Senate elections

Presidential elections

Gubernatorial elections

}} Template:Reconstruction Era Template:Andrew Johnson