1860–61 United States House of Representatives elections
Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox election The 1860–61 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 6, 1860, and October 24, 1861, before or after the first session of the 37th United States Congress convened on July 4, 1861. The number of House seats initially increased to 239 when California was apportioned an extra one, but these elections were affected by the outbreak of the American Civil War and resulted in over 56 vacancies.
In November 1860, Republican Abraham Lincoln won the Presidency. Though Republicans lost seats, the party won a House majority anyway as seven slave states reacted to Lincoln's election by seceding before the Presidential inauguration. These seceding states formed the Confederacy in February 1861 while withdrawing many Representatives and Senators from Congress, almost all Democrats. As both sides in the impending American Civil War initially mobilized troops, another four slave states seceded by May 1861 in response to Lincoln's policy of using Federal force to defend Federal property and to coerce the seven initially seceding states. The four remaining slave states did not secede, electing and returning Representatives normally.
Unionist districts in three seceding states returned ten Representatives: five from western Virginia, three from eastern Tennessee, and two from southern Louisiana. Except for a tiny minority of outspoken Democrats, all Representatives supported the Union. Representatives opposing Democrats but unwilling to identify as Republican, particularly from slave states and including some remaining nativist American Party members, formed Unionist parties. In coalition with the Unionists, Republicans commanded over a two-thirds House supermajority.<ref>Martis (1994), pp. 114–115.</ref>
Election summaries
California was apportioned one additional seat for the 37th Congress,<ref>Template:USStat</ref> increasing the total seats to 239.
Representatives from seceding states overwhelmingly were Democrats. Withdrawal of these Representatives boosted Republican House control. Some seceding states held Federal elections, but seceded before the elected Representatives served. Other seceding states held no Federal elections.
| style="background:Template:Party color; width:23.50%" | 43 | style="background:Template:Party color; width:1.09%" | 2 | style="background:Template:Party color; width:59.02%" | 108 | style="background:Template:Party color; width:16.39%" | 30 |
| Democratic | Template:Efn | Republican | Union |
Template:Bar boxTemplate:Bar box
Maps
-
District results by vote share
Special elections
Template:See also There were special elections in 1860–61 during the 36th United States Congress and 37th United States Congress.
36th Congress
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Francis P. Blair Jr.
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1856
1858 Template:Small
1860 Template:Small
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent resigned June 25, 1860.
New member elected October 3, 1860.
Democratic gain.
Winner lost election to the next term; see below.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John Schwartz
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Anti-Lecompton
Democratic
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent died June 20, 1860.
New member elected October 9, 1860.
Democratic hold.
Winner was not a candidate for election to the next term.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Israel Washburn Jr.
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1850
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent resigned January 1, 1861 to become Governor of Maine.
New member elected November 6, 1860.
Republican hold.
Winner was not a candidate for election to the next term.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
Template:Collapsible list
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Silas M. Burroughs
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent died June 3, 1860.
New member elected November 6, 1860.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
37th Congress
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Thomas Corwin
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/National Union | Incumbent resigned March 12, 1861 to become U.S. Minister to Mexico.
New member elected May 28, 1861 and seated July 4, 1861.
Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John Sherman
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1854
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent resigned March 12, 1861 to become U.S. Senator.
New member elected May 28, 1861 and seated July 4, 1861.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Charles F. Adams Sr.
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/National Union | Incumbent resigned May 1, 1861 to become Ambassador to Great Britain.
New member elected June 11, 1861.
Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| George W. Scranton
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent died March 24, 1861.
New member elected June 21, 1861 and seated July 4, 1861.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Edward Joy Morris
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent resigned June 8, 1861 to become U.S. Minister to the Ottoman Empire.
New member elected June 21, 1861 and seated July 2, 1861.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Samuel Curtis
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent resigned August 4, 1861 to become colonel of the 2nd Iowa Infantry.
New member elected October 8, 1861.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John S. Carlile
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Union
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician/Hold | Incumbent resigned July 9, 1861 to become United States Senator from the loyal faction of Virginia.
New member elected October 24, 1861 and seated December 2, 1861.
Union hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William Appleton
| Template:Party shading/Constitutional Union | Constitutional
Union
| 1850
1854 Template:Small
1860
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent resigned September 27, 1861 due to failing health.
New member elected November 5, 1861 and seated December 2, 1861.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John A. McClernand
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| [[1859 Illinois's 6th congressional district special elections|1859 Template:Small]]
| Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent resigned October 28, 1861 to accept a commission as brigadier general of volunteers for service in the Civil War.
New member elected December 12, 1861.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John Bullock Clark
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent expelled July 13, 1861.
New member elected December 30, 1861.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
Background
Secession
Pro-union Free states: dark blue. Pro-Union Slave' states: light blue; (West Virginia abolished slavery with statehood.)
Secessionist Convention Slave states: red
The numbers in Congress are reduced by the 'vacant' seats
Fifty-six seats were vacant when the 37th Congress met on July 4, 1861, as a result of the secession of the Confederacy. Three states which later joined the Confederacy—Arkansas, Florida, and South Carolina—chose members before the presidential election, electing seven Democrats and two independents, who subsequently declined to take their seats. In addition, several districts in Tennessee and Virginia elected Unionist members who were seated along with the incoming class of House members. These were the only congressional elections held south of the border states prior to the start of the 37th Congress.
Since the states not holding elections had many strong Democratic districts – in the previous 36th Congress their Representatives included a total of 46 Democrats, 14 Oppositionists, five independents, and one member of the American Party – when Congress was called into session on July 4, 1861 (five months earlier than usual at the time) the size of the Democratic House caucus had been drastically reduced, resulting in a huge Republican majority.
Of the 183 seats, 102 were held by Republicans, 45 by Democrats,Template:Efn 23 by Unionists, and five others by one party each. There were several vacancies, and California had not held its election when Congress assembled.
End of a Congressional era
| US Congressional Party Transformation, 1857–1863<ref>Martis, pp. 111, 113, 115.</ref> | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Congress | 35th 1857–59 |
36th 1859–61 |
37th 1861–63 |
| United States House of Representatives | |||
| Seats (change) | 237 (+3) | 238 (+1) | 183 (–55) |
| Republicans | 90.38% | 116.49% | 108.59% |
| Unionists | 0.0% | 0.0% | 31.17% |
| Americans (+) | 14.6% | 39.16% (4-way split) | 0.0% |
| Democrats | 133.56% | 83.35% | 44.24% |
| United States Senate | |||
| Seats (change) | 66 (+4) | 68 (+2) | 50 (–18) |
| Republicans | 20.30% | 26.38% | 31.62% |
| Unionists | 0.0% | 0.0% | 3.6% |
| Americans | 5.8% | 2.3% | 0.0% |
| Democrats | 41.62% | 38.58% | 15.30% |
In 1860, Lincoln's campaign brought the Republicans the Presidency. Likewise, the congressional elections also marked the transition from one major era of political parties to another. In just six years, over the course of the 35th, 36th–37th Congresses, a complete reversal of party fortunes swamped the Democrats.<ref>Martis, pp. 31–35.</ref>
Elections for Congress were held from August 1860 to June 1861. They were held before, during and after the pre-determined Presidential campaign. And they were held before, during and after the secessionist campaigns in various states as they were reported throughout the country. Political conditions varied hugely from time to time during the course of congressional selection, but they had been shifting to a considerable extent in the years running up to the crisis.<ref>Martis, p. 36.</ref>
In the 1856 elections, the Democrats had taken the Presidency for the sixth time in the last 40 years, with James Buchanan's victory over John C. Fremont and Millard Fillmore. They held almost a two-thirds majority in both the US House and Senate. Democrats held onto the Senate during the midterm elections, but the four opposition parties then amounted to two-thirds of the House. The congressional elections in 1860 transformed Democratic fortunes: Republican and Unionist candidates won a two-thirds majority in both House and Senate.<ref>Martis, p. 34.</ref>
After the secessionist withdrawal, resignation and expulsion, the Democrats would have less than 25% of the House for the 37th Congress, and that minority divided further between pro-war (Stephen Douglas), and anti-war (Clement Vallandigham) factions.<ref>Martis, pp. 114, 115.</ref>
Results by region
The politics of these elections were distinctive in every region of the country. The more conventional listing of Members in their state delegations, alphabetically by state, can be found in the 37th Congress article.
| Party | Total seats | Change | Percentage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 108 | –8 | 59.0% |
| Democratic | 44 | –39 | 24.0% |
| Independent Democratic | 1 | – | 0.5% |
| Constitutional Union and Union | 30 | +30 | 16.3% |
| Totals | 183 | –56 | 100.0% |
Each Region below lists the states composing it using Freehling's descriptions from 1860. The Representative's biographies are linked at their names. Each congressional district has a link, named by its state abbreviation and its assigned number or noted At-large election. In a time before the Census Department published aggregate population data by congressional district, the reader may have ready access to census data identifying the makeup of those each district by referring to their respective articles.
The articles use different formats. The constituent counties of congressional districts are sometimes listed in a content heading "List of representatives" within tables. These tables have a column naming the District's counties for each election, such as (a) "District Area" for Massachusetts, or (b) "Area" for Illinois and Maryland. Virginia uses "Historical composition of the district" to describe composition at each reapportionment. Pennsylvania notes the home county of the elected representative, sometimes holding the largest population for respective districts. Minnesota makes a geographical allusion for its 1st District applicable to the 37th Congress. Michigan uses "History" since 1852 for its 4th district. In some states, previous district composition is not described.
New England
The twenty-nine seats in the House among these six states are divided 24 Republican, two Union one Constitutional Union, and two Democratic. The region is important nationally in manufacturing and intellectually as the center of literature, Transcendentalism and the abolition movement.
North Central
The 38 Representatives from this region would seat 25 Republicans and thirteen Democrats. This region had the closest commercial and social ties to the South due to its sea-going commerce and trans-shipping cotton to local textile plants and for export.
Border North
The 73 seats in this region were split 50 Republican, 23 Democratic. Illinois is the only state here with more Democrats than Republicans.
These are free-soil states, north of the Mason–Dixon line. These states had either abolished slavery, or Congress had forbidden it in their Territory, and they had forbidden it at the beginning of their statehood.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Border South and Middle South
Of the 47 Representatives in these six states, 24 are Union Party, 1 Constitutional Union, 6 Democratic,– would be vacant in Virginia and Tennessee.
These were "slaveholding" states, all south of the Mason–Dixon line. The border south states had less than 2% to more than 19% of their 1860 population held as slaves, with an average of 13%; middle south states ranged from 25 to 33% slaves, with an average of 29%. (Deep South 43–57%, except Texas, with 30%.)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Eight seats in Virginia and seven seats in Tennessee represented large numbers of citizens resisting the Lincoln administration of the United States government during the Civil War. They were declared vacant in 37th Congress documents.<ref>Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress, (1774–2005), "Official Annotated Membership Roster by State with Vacancy and Special Election Information for the 37th Congress".</ref>
Trans-Mississippi West
- California — Iowa — Kansas — Minnesota — Oregon — Non-voting members
West of the Mississippi, there were 16 Representatives from states, and 9 Delegates from territories. The states elected nine Republicans and one Democrat. The Territories elected four Republicans, one Democrat and two Independents.
When California entered the Union, it broke the free soil - slave state tie in the Senate. Minnesota, and Oregon followed as free-soil states. Once Congress was depleted of the secessionist Democrats, the lame-duck 36th Congress admitted Kansas as a free state in January 1861, in time for it to send a Representative to the 37th Congress in March. The Republican Congress elected in 1860 began funding the transcontinental railroad, in July 1862. Nevada was admitted before the end of the Civil War in the next, 38th, Congress.
Vacant state delegations
Alabama — Arkansas — Florida — Georgia — Louisiana — Mississippi — North Carolina — South Carolina — Texas
Forty-three seats represented large numbers of citizens in nine states resisting the Lincoln administration of the United States government during the Civil War. The following state delegations were entirely vacated.
Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia are accounted for in the "Border South and Middle South" section.
Alabama
Alabama did not elect members to the House.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Template:Ushr
| James Stallworth
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1857
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| James L. Pugh
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| David Clopton
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent withdrew January 21, 1861.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Sydenham Moore
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1857
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent withdrew January 21, 1861.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| George S. Houston
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1851
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent withdrew January 21, 1861.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Williamson Cobb
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1847
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent withdrew January 30, 1861.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Jabez L. M. Curry
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1857
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent withdrew January 21, 1861.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|}
Arkansas
Arkansas elected its members on August 6, 1860. Elected representatives were unable to take seats as Congress convened after the state had already seceded.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Thomas C. Hindman
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1858
| Incumbent re-elected.
Seat later vacated.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Albert Rust
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Independent| Incumbent retired.
Independent gain.
Seat later vacated.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
California
From statehood to 1864, California's representatives were elected at large, with the top two vote-getters winning the election from 1849 to 1858. In the 1860 census, California gained a seat in the House.
California elected its members on September 4, 1861, after the first session of the new Congress began.
The top three vote-getters were elected, but only the top two were seated at the beginning of the session. When Congress later authorized California the third seat, Frederick Low was seated June 3, 1862.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|-
! rowspan=3 | Template:Ushr
| John C. Burch
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
| nowrap rowspan=3 | Template:Plainlist
|-
| Charles L. Scott
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
|-
| colspan=3 | None (new seat)
| Template:Party shading/Republican | New seat.
Republican gain.
|}
Colorado Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
Connecticut
Connecticut elected its members on April 1, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened.
Data comes from the State of Connecticut Elections Database. Candidates with less than 5 have been grouped into others. Dubin does not mention any other votes beyond the top two candidates but provides the same numbers. Dubin also lists the Republicans as Unionists.Template:Sfn Following the party affiliation listed on the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHead
|- ! Template:Ushr | Dwight Loomis | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John Woodruff
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1855
1856 (lost)
1859
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Alfred A. Burnham | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Orris S. Ferry
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
Dakota Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
Delaware
Delaware elected its member on November 6, 1860 Election Day.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William G. Whiteley
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Incumbent retired.
People's gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
Florida
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also
Florida elected its member on October 1, 1860. Hilton never took his seat as Congress convened after the state had already seceded.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|-
! Template:Ushr
| George S. Hawkins
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Seat later vacated.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
Georgia
Georgia did not elect members to the House.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Peter E. Love
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent resigned January 23, 1861.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Martin J. Crawford
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1855
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Thomas Hardeman Jr.
| Template:Party shading/Opposition | Opposition
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861.
Opposition loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Lucius J. Gartrell
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1857
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent resigned January 23, 1861.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John W. H. Underwood
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| James Jackson
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1857
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent resigned January 23, 1861.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Joshua Hill
| Template:Party shading/Know Nothing | Know Nothing
| 1857
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861.
Know Nothing loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John J. Jones
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1857
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|}
Illinois
Illinois elected its members on November 6, 1860 Election Day.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|- ! Template:Ushr | Elihu B. Washburne | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John F. Farnsworth
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Owen Lovejoy | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | William Kellogg | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Isaac N. Morris
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | John A. McClernand | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | [[1859 Illinois's 6th congressional district special elections|1859 Template:Small]] | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | James C. Robinson | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Philip B. Fouke | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | John A. Logan | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
Indiana
Indiana elected its members on October 9, 1860.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William E. Niblack
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1857
| Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William H. English
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | William M. Dunn | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | William S. Holman | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| David Kilgore
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Albert G. Porter | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John G. Davis
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Anti-Lecompton
Democrat
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| James Wilson
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Schuyler Colfax | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Charles Case
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John U. Pettit
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
Iowa
Iowa elected its members on October 9, 1860.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|- ! Template:Ushr | Samuel R. Curtis | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | William Vandever | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
Kansas
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} There are no records of an election being held for the 37th Congress. It's mostly likely that the incumbent member Martin F. Conway served into the 37th Congress without an additional election.Template:Sfn
Kentucky
Kansas elected its members on June 20, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Henry C. Burnett
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1855
| Template:Party shading/Southern Rights | Incumbent re-elected under a new party.
Southern Rights gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Samuel Peyton
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1857
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Incumbent lost renomination.
Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Francis Bristow
| Template:Party shading/Opposition | Opposition
| [[1854 Kentucky's 3rd congressional district special election|1854 Template:Small]]
1855 Template:Small
1859
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William C. Anderson
| Template:Party shading/Opposition | Opposition
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John Y. Brown
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.
Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| George W. Dunlap
| Template:Party shading/Opposition | Opposition
| 1847
1849 Template:Small
1859
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Incumbent re-elected under a new party.
Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Robert Mallory
| Template:Party shading/Opposition | Opposition
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Incumbent re-elected as a Unionist.
Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William E. Simms
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Incumbent lost re-election.
Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Laban T. Moore
| Template:Party shading/Opposition | Opposition
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John W. Stevenson
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1857
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Incumbent lost re-election.
Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
Louisiana
Louisiana did not hold elections in 1860 or 1861 as a result of secession. Late elections were held on December 3, 1862, in two congressional districts under Union military control.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The elected members were seated on February 17, 1863,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> 15 days before the end of their term.<ref>John D. Winters, The Civil War in Louisiana, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1963, Template:ISBN, pp. 133-134</ref>
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John Edward Bouligny
| Template:Party shading/Know Nothing | Know Nothing
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Seat expired at end of 36th Congress with the withdrawal of Louisiana from the Union.
Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Miles Taylor
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1855
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Seat expired at end of 36th Congress with the withdrawal of Louisiana from the Union.
Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Thomas G. Davidson
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1855
| Template:Party shading/Loss | No member elected.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John M. Landrum
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|}
Maine
Maine elected its members on September 10, 1860.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Daniel E. Somes
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John J. Perry
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1854
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Ezra B. French
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Freeman H. Morse
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Israel Washburn Jr.
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1850
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired to run for Governor of Maine.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Stephen C. Foster
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
Maryland
Maryland elected its members on June 13, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|-
! Template:Ushr
| James A. Stewart
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1855
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Edwin H. Webster
| Template:Party shading/Know Nothing | Know
Nothing
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Incumbent re-elected as a Union.
Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| J. Morrison Harris
| Template:Party shading/Know Nothing | Know
Nothing
| 1855
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Henry W. Davis
| Template:Party shading/Know Nothing | Know
Nothing
| 1855
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Incumbent lost re-election as a Unionist.
Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Jacob M. Kunkel
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1857
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| George W. Hughes
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
Massachusetts
Massachusetts elected its members on November 6, 1860 Election Day.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|- ! Template:Ushr | Thomas D. Eliot | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | James Buffington | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Charles Francis Adams Sr. | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Alexander H. Rice | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Anson Burlingame
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1854
| Template:Party shading/Constitutional Union | Incumbent lost re-election.
Constitutional Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | John B. Alley | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Daniel W. Gooch | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Charles R. Train | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Eli Thayer
| Template:Party shading/Constitutional Union | Constitutional
Union
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Charles Delano | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Henry L. Dawes | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
Michigan
Michigan its members on the November 6, 1860 Election Day.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William A. Howard
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1854
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Henry Waldron
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1854
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Francis W. Kellogg | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Dewitt C. Leach
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
Minnesota
Minnesota elected its members on November 6, 1860 Election Day.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|- ! Template:Ushr | Cyrus Aldrich | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | rowspan=2 nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | William Windom | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected.
|}
Mississippi
Mississippi seceded on January 9, 1861, and did not elect members of the 37th Congress.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Lucius Q. C. Lamar
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1857
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent retired in December 1860.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Reuben Davis
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1857
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William Barksdale
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1855
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Otho R. Singleton
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1857
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John J. McRae
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1858 (special)
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|}
Missouri
Missouri elected its members on September 10, 1860.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John R. Barret
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Thomas L. Anderson
| Template:Party shading/Independent Democratic | Independent
Democratic
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Constitutional Union | Incumbent retired.
Constitutional Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | John Bullock Clark | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| James Craig
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
Democratic hold
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Samuel H. Woodson
| Template:Party shading/Know Nothing | Know
Nothing
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | John S. Phelps | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1844 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | John W. Noell | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
Nebraska Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
Nevada Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
New Hampshire
New Hampshire elected its members on March 12, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|- ! Template:Ushr | Gilman Marston | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Mason Tappan
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1855
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Thomas M. Edwards | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
New Jersey
New Jersey elected its members on the November 6, 1860, Election Day.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|- ! Template:Ushr | John T. Nixon | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | John L. N. Stratton | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Garnett Adrain
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Anti-Lecompton
Democrat
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Jetur R. Riggs
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Anti-Lecompton
Democrat
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William Pennington
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
New Mexico Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
New York
New York its members on the November 6, 1860 Election Day.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Luther C. Carter
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| James Humphrey
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Daniel Sickles
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Thomas J. Barr
| Template:Party shading/Independent Democratic | Independent
Democratic
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Independent Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William B. Maclay
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John Cochrane
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| George Briggs
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Horace F. Clark
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Anti-Lecompton
Democratic
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John B. Haskin
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Anti-Lecompton
Democratic
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Charles Van Wyck | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William S. Kenyon
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Charles Lewis Beale
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Abram B. Olin | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John H. Reynolds
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Anti-Lecompton
Democratic
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | James B. McKean | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| George W. Palmer
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Francis E. Spinner
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1854
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Clark B. Cochrane
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| James H. Graham
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Roscoe Conkling | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | R. Holland Duell | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| M. Lindley Lee
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Charles B. Hoard
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Charles B. Sedgwick | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Martin Butterfield
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Emory B. Pottle
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Alfred Wells
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William Irvine
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Alfred Ely | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Augustus Frank | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Edwin R. Reynolds
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1860
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Elbridge G. Spaulding | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Reuben Fenton | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
North Carolina
North Carolina seceded on May 20, 1861, and did not elect members of the 37th Congress.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William N. H. Smith
| Template:Party shading/Opposition | Opposition
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent retired.
Opposition loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Thomas H. Ruffin
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1853
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Warren Winslow
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1855
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Lawrence O'Bryan Branch
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1855
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John A. Gilmer
| Template:Party shading/Opposition | Opposition
| 1857
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent retired.
Opposition loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| James M. Leach
| Template:Party shading/Opposition | Opposition
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent retired.
Opposition loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| F. Burton Craige
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1853
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Zebulon Vance
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| [[1858 North Carolina's 8th congressional district special election|1858 Template:Small]]
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|}
Ohio
Template:USCongressElectionTableHead
|- ! Template:Ushr | George H. Pendleton | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | John A. Gurley | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Clement Vallandigham | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | [[1858 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio|1858 Template:Small]] | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | William Allen | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | James M. Ashley | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William Howard
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Thomas Corwin | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Benjamin Stanton
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1854
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John Carey
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Carey A. Trimble | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Charles D. Martin
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Samuel S. Cox | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | John Sherman | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Harrison G. O. Blake | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | [[1859 Ohio's 14th congressional district special election|Template:Small]] | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William Helmick
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Cydnor B. Tompkins
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Thomas C. Theaker
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Sidney Edgerton | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Edward Wade
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1852
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | John Hutchins | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | John A. Bingham | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
Oregon
Poorly coordinated state legislation created confusion. As a result, two elections were held in 1860: on June 4 (won by George K. Shiel) and on November 6 (won by Andrew J. Thayer). Thayer was seated March 4, 1861, but Shiel contested the election. On July 30, 1861, the House Elections Committee seated the Shiel for the rest of the term ending March 3, 1863. Both disputants were Democrats.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|-
! rowspan=2 | Template:Ushr
| rowspan=2 | Lansing Stout
| rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| rowspan=2 | 1858
| Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected June 4, 1860.
Democratic hold.
Winner successfully challenged the results of the other election and was seated July 30, 1861.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
| Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected November 6, 1860.
Democratic hold.
Winner was initially seated but later lost election challenge.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania elected its members on October 9, 1860.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Thomas B. Florence
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1848
| Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Edward J. Morris | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | John P. Verree | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William Millward
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John Wood
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | John Hickman | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1856 | Template:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent re-elected under a new party. Republican gain | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Henry Clay Longnecker | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic gain | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Jacob K. McKenty
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1860
| Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Thaddeus Stevens | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | John W. Killinger | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | James H. Campbell | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | George W. Scranton | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William H. Dimmick
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Galusha A. Grow | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1850 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | James Tracy Hale | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Benjamin F. Junkin
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Edward McPherson | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Samuel S. Blair | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | John Covode | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William Montgomery
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | James K. Moorhead | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Robert McKnight | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William Stewart
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Chapin Hall
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Elijah Babbitt | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
Rhode Island
Rhode Island elected its members on April 3, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened.
Both members elected represented the Constitutional Union Party.Template:Sfn
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Christopher Robinson
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Constitutional Union | Incumbent lost re-election.
Constitutional Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William D. Brayton
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Constitutional Union | Incumbent lost re-election.
Constitutional Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
South Carolina
South Carolina its members October 8–9, 1860.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John McQueen
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1844
| Incumbent re-elected.
Seat later vacated.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William P. Miles
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1856
| Incumbent re-elected.
Seat later vacated.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Laurence M. Keitt
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1853
| Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold |Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Seat later vacated.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Milledge L. Bonham
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1858
| Incumbent re-elected.
Seat later vacated.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John D. Ashmore
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1858
| Incumbent re-elected.
Seat later vacated.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William W. Boyce
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1853
| Incumbent re-elected.
Seat later vacated.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
Tennessee
Tennessee elected its members for both the Confederate and Union Congresses on August 1, 1861, but only in East Tennessee for the Union, after the first session of the new Congress began. In districts 1-3 the contests were between candidates seeking to serve in different governments. Votes for the Confederate and Union Congress were deposited in the same box and counted together. Additionally, during the same election, ballots were cast for some of these individuals as candidates only for the U.S. Congress. These votes were tallied separately. The leading secessionist candidate in each district received his certificate of election to the Confederate Congress.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Sfn
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|-
! rowspan=2 | Template:Ushr
| rowspan=2 | Thomas A. R. Nelson
| rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Opposition | Opposition
| rowspan=2 | 1859
| rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Incumbent re-elected as a Unionist but was captured by Confederate soldiers.
Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! rowspan=2 | Template:Ushr
| rowspan=2 | Horace Maynard
| rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Opposition | Opposition
| rowspan=2 | 1857
| rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Incumbent re-elected as a Unionist.
Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- | Incomplete data
|-
! rowspan=2 | Template:Ushr
| rowspan=2 | Reese B. Brabson
| rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Opposition | Opposition
| rowspan=2 | 1859
| rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
Winner was prevented from taking his seat by his arrest.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William B. Stokes
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost.
Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Robert H. Hatton
| Template:Party shading/Opposition | Opposition
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Loss | No election.
Opposition loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| James H. Thomas
| Template:Party shading/Opposition | Opposition
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Loss | No election.
Opposition loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John V. Wright
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1855
| Template:Party shading/Loss | No election.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| James M. Quarles
| Template:Party shading/Opposition | Opposition
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Loss | No election.
Opposition loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Emerson Etheridge
| Template:Party shading/Opposition | Opposition
| 1853
1857 Template:Small
1859
| Template:Party shading/Loss | No election.
Opposition loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William T. Avery
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1857
| Template:Party shading/Loss | No election.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|}
Texas
Texas seceded on February 1, 1861, and did not elect members of the 37th Congress.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John H. Reagan
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent resigned January 15, 1861.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Andrew J. Hamilton
| Template:Party shading/Independent Democratic | Independent
Democratic
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent retired.
Independent Democratic loss.
| None.
|}
Utah Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
Vermont
Vermont its members September 4, 1860.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHead |- ! Template:Ushr | E. P. Walton | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Justin S. Morrill | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Homer E. Royce
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1856
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
Virginia
Virginia elected its members on October 24, 1861.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHeadTemplate:Sfn
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Muscoe Garnett
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| [[1856 Virginia's 1st congressional district special election|1856 Template:Small]]
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
Winner was later disqualified.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John S. Millson
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1853
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Daniel Coleman DeJarnette
| Template:Party shading/Independent Democratic | Independent
Democratic
| 1853
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent retired.
Independent Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Roger Pryor
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| [[1859 Virginia's 4th congressional district special election|1859 Template:Small]]
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Thomas S. Bocock
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1853
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Shelton F. Leake
| Template:Party shading/Independent Democratic | Independent
Democratic
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent retired.
Independent Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William Smith
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| [[1841 Virginia's 13th congressional district special election|1841 Template:Small]]
1843 Template:Small
1857
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
Winner was later disqualified after being challenged by S. Ferguson Beach, who won an election held by the restored Virginia government.
Both were declared not entitled to the seat in February 1862 and the seat was declared vacant.
| nowrap | Template:Collapsible list
Template:Collapsible list
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Alexander Boteler
| Template:Party shading/Opposition | Opposition
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent retired.
Opposition loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| John T. Harris
| Template:Party shading/Independent Democratic | Independent
Democratic
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent retired.
Independent Democratic loss.
| None.
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Sherrard Clemens
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1857
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Albert G. Jenkins
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1857
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Henry A. Edmundson
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1849
| Template:Party shading/Unionist politician | Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Elbert S. Martin
| Template:Party shading/Independent Democratic | Independent
Democratic
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Loss | Incumbent lost re-election.
Independent Democratic loss.
| None.
|}
Washington Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
Wisconsin
Wisconsin its members on Election Day, November 6, 1860.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHead
|- ! Template:Ushr | John F. Potter | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Cadwallader C. Washburn
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican
| 1854
| Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Charles H. Larrabee
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1858
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
Non-voting delegates
All are trans-Mississippi west non-voting delegates in the 37th Congress.
Template:USCongressElectionTableHead
|-
! Template:Ushr
| colspan=3 | New territory
| Template:Party shading/Conservative Republican | New seat.
Conservative Republican gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| colspan=3 | New territory
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | New seat.
Democratic gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|- ! Template:Ushr | Samuel Gordon Daily | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | [[1859 United States House of Representatives election in Nebraska Territory|1860 Template:Small]] | Incumbent re-elected in 1862. | nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| colspan=3 | New territory
| Template:Party shading/Independent| New seat.
Independent gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Miguel A. Otero
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1859
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| William Henry Hooper
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1858 or 1859
| Template:Party shading/Independent| Incumbent lost re-election.
Independent gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|-
! Template:Ushr
| Isaac Stevens
| Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
| 1856 or 1857
| Template:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
| nowrap | Template:Plainlist
|}
See also
Notes
References
Bibliography
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)
{{#invoke:navbox|navbox | name = United States House of Representatives elections | title =United States House of Representatives elections | state = autocollapse | bodyclass = hlist
| group1 = Elections spanning
two years
(through 1879)
| list1 =
- 1788–89
- 1790–91
- 1792–93
- 1794–95
- 1796–97
- 1798–99
- 1800–01
- 1802–03
- 1804–05
- 1806–07
- 1808–09
- 1810–11
- 1812–13
- 1814–15
- 1816–17
- 1818–19
- 1820–21
- 1822–23
- 1824–25
- 1826–27
- 1828–29
- 1830–31
- 1832–33
- 1834–35
- 1836–37
- 1838–39
- 1840–41
- 1842–43
- 1844–45
- 1846–47
- 1848–49
- 1850–51
- 1852–53
- 1854–55
- 1856–57
- 1858–59
- 1860–61
- 1862–63
- 1864–65
- 1866–67
- 1868–69
- 1870–71
- 1872–73
- 1874–75
- 1876–77
- 1878–79
|group2 = Elections held
in a single year
(starting 1880)
|list2 = child
| 2_group1 = Regulars
and
even-year
specials
| 2_list1 =
- 1880
- 1882
- 1884
- 1886
- 1888
- 1890
- 1892
- 1894
- 1896
- 1898
- 1900
- 1902
- 1904
- 1906
- 1908
- 1910
- 1912
- 1914
- 1916
- 1918
- 1920
- 1922
- 1924
- 1926
- 1928
- 1930
- 1932
- 1934
- 1936
- 1938
- 1940
- 1942
- 1944
- 1946
- 1948
- 1950
- 1952
- 1954
- 1956
- 1958
- 1960
- 1962
- 1964
- 1966
- 1968
- 1970
- 1972
- 1974
- 1976
- 1978
- 1980
- 1982
- 1984
- 1986
- 1988
- 1990
- 1992
- 1994
- 1996
- 1998
- 2000
- 2002
- 2004
- 2006
- 2008
- 2010
- 2012
- 2014
- 2016
- 2018
- 2020
- 2022
- 2024
- 2026
| 2_group2 = Odd-year
specials
| 2_list2 =
- 1881
- 1883
- 1885
- 1887
- 1889
- 1891
- 1893
- 1895
- 1897
- 1899
- 1901
- 1903
- 1905
- 1907
- 1909
- 1911
- 1913
- 1915
- 1917
- 1919
- 1921
- 1923
- 1925
- 1927
- 1929
- 1931
- 1933
- 1935
- 1937
- 1939
- 1941
- 1943
- 1945
- 1947
- 1949
- 1951
- 1953
- 1955
- 1957
- 1959
- 1961
- 1963
- 1965
- 1967
- 1969
- 1971
- 1973
- 1975
- 1977
- 1979
- 1981
- 1983
- 1985
- 1987
- 1989
- 1991
- 1993
- 1995
- 1997
- 1999
- 2001
- 2003
- 2005
- 2007
- 2009
- 2011
- 2013
- 2015
- 2017
- 2019
- 2021
- 2023
- 2025
|group3 = Elections by state |list3 =
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama|Alabama]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Alaska||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Alaska|Alaska]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona|Arizona]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas|Arkansas]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in California||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in California|California]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Colorado||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Colorado|Colorado]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut|Connecticut]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Delaware||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Delaware|Delaware]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in the District of Columbia||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in the District of Columbia|District of Columbia]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Florida||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Florida|Florida]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia|United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia|Category:United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia (U.S. state)}}|Georgia]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii|Hawaii]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Idaho||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Idaho|Idaho]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Illinois]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana|Indiana]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa|Iowa]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Kansas||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Kansas|Kansas]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky|Kentucky]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana|Louisiana]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Maine||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Maine|Maine]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland|Maryland]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Michigan]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota|Minnesota]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi|Mississippi]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri|Missouri]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Montana||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Montana|Montana]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska|Nebraska]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Nevada||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Nevada|Nevada]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in New Hampshire||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey|New Jersey]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in New Mexico||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in New Mexico|New Mexico]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in New York|United States House of Representatives elections in New York|Category:United States House of Representatives elections in New York (state)}}|New York]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina|North Carolina]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in North Dakota||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in North Dakota|North Dakota]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio|Ohio]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Oklahoma||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Oregon||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Oregon|Oregon]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina|South Carolina]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in South Dakota||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in South Dakota|South Dakota]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee|Tennessee]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Texas||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Texas|Texas]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Utah||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Utah|Utah]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont|Vermont]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia|Virginia]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Washington (state)||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Washington (state)|Washington]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia|West Virginia]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]
- [[:{{#ifexist:United States House of Representatives elections in Wyoming||Category:}}United States House of Representatives elections in Wyoming|Wyoming]]
|group4 = Seat ratings |list4 =
|group5 = Speaker elections |list5 =
|group6 = Summaries |list6 =
| below =
}}