List of consonants
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Template:Short description This is a list of all the consonants which have a dedicated letter in the International Phonetic Alphabet, plus some of the consonants which require diacritics, ordered by place and manner of articulation.
Template:IPA pulmonic consonants Template:IPA non-pulmonic consonants Template:IPA co-articulated consonants
Ordered by place of articulation
(articulated by using the lips)
- bilabial clicks e.g. Template:IPA
- bilabial nasal Template:IPA (man)
- bilabial ejective Template:IPA
- voiced bilabial implosive Template:IPA
- voiceless bilabial plosive Template:IPA (spin)
- voiced bilabial plosive Template:IPA (bed)
- voiceless bilabial affricate Template:IPA
- voiced bilabial affricate Template:IPA
- voiceless bilabial fricative Template:IPA
- voiced bilabial fricative Template:IPA
- bilabial approximant Template:IPA
- bilabial trill Template:IPA
- bilabial percussive Template:IPA
- labiodental approximant Template:IPA
- labiodental nasal Template:IPA (symphony)
- voiced labiodental fricative Template:IPA (van)
- Voiced labiodental plosive
- Voiced labiodental affricate
- voiceless labiodental fricative Template:IPA (fan)
- voiceless rounded velarized labiodental fricative Template:IPA
- Voiceless labiodental plosive
- Voiceless labiodental affricate
(articulated by using the tip of the tongue)
- dental clicks e.g. Template:IPA
- dental lateral clicks e.g. Template:IPA
- dental ejective Template:IPA
- dental nasal Template:IPA
- voiced dental fricative Template:IPA (this)
- voiced dental implosive Template:IPA
- voiced dental plosive Template:IPA
- voiceless bidental fricative
- voiceless dental fricative Template:IPA (thing)
- voiceless dental plosive Template:IPA
- bidental percussive Template:IPA
- alveolar lateral clicks e.g. Template:IPA
- alveolar approximant Template:IPA (red)
- alveolar ejective Template:IPA
- alveolar ejective fricative Template:IPA
- alveolar flap Template:IPA
- alveolar lateral approximant Template:IPA (lead)
- alveolar lateral flap Template:IPA
- alveolar nasal Template:IPA (none)
- alveolar trill Template:IPA
- velarized alveolar lateral approximant Template:IPA
- voiced alveolar fricative Template:IPA (zoo)
- voiced alveolar implosive Template:IPA
- voiced alveolar lateral fricative Template:IPA
- voiced alveolar plosive Template:IPA (done)
- voiced alveolar affricate Template:IPA
- voiceless alveolar grooved fricative Template:IPA (son)
- voiceless alveolar retroflex fricative Template:IPA
- voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative Template:IPA
- voiceless alveolar lateral fricative Template:IPA
- voiceless alveolar plosive Template:IPA (ton)
- voiceless alveolar affricate Template:IPA
- voiceless alveolar lateral affricate Template:IPA
- ejective alveolar lateral affricate Template:IPA
- voiced alveolar lateral affricate Template:IPA
- (post)alveolar clicks e.g. Template:IPA
- voiced palato-alveolar affricate Template:IPA (jug)
- voiced palato-alveolar fricative Template:IPA (vision)
- voiceless palato-alveolar affricate Template:IPA (chip)
- voiceless palato-alveolar fricative Template:IPA (ship)
- voiced palatalized postalveolar fricative Template:IPA
- voiceless palatalized postalveolar fricative Template:IPA
- voiced palatalized postalveolar affricate Template:IPA
- voiceless palatalized postalveolar affricate Template:IPA
- retroflex clicks e.g. Template:IPA (commonly written Template:Angbr IPA)
- retroflex approximant Template:IPA
- retroflex flap Template:IPA
- retroflex lateral flap Template:IPA
- retroflex lateral approximant Template:IPA
- voiceless retroflex lateral fricative Template:IPA
- retroflex nasal Template:IPA
- voiced retroflex fricative Template:IPA
- voiced retroflex plosive Template:IPA
- voiced retroflex affricate Template:IPA
- voiceless retroflex fricative Template:IPA
- voiceless retroflex plosive Template:IPA
- voiceless retroflex affricate Template:IPA,
(articulated with the middle of the tongue)
- palatal clicks e.g. Template:IPA
- palatal approximant Template:IPA (yes)
- palatal ejective Template:IPA
- palatal lateral approximant Template:IPA
- voiceless palatal lateral fricative Template:IPA
- palatal nasal Template:IPA
- voiced palatal fricative Template:IPA
- voiced palatal implosive Template:IPA
- voiced palatal plosive Template:IPA
- voiceless palatal fricative Template:IPA (human, but not hum)
- voiceless palatal plosive Template:IPA
- voiceless palatal lateral affricate Template:IPA
- ejective palatal lateral affricate Template:IPA
- velar approximant Template:IPA
- velar ejective Template:IPA
- velar lateral approximant Template:IPA
- voiceless velar lateral fricative Template:IPA
- voiced velar fricative Template:IPA
- voiced velar implosive Template:IPA
- voiced velar plosive Template:IPA (get)
- voiceless velar fricative Template:IPA
- voiceless velar plosive Template:IPA (kick, cat)
- ejective velar lateral affricate Template:IPA
- voiced labialized velar approximant Template:IPA (witch)
- voiceless labialized velar approximant Template:IPA (which, in some dialects)
- voiceless labial–velar plosive Template:IPA
- voiced labial–velar plosive Template:IPA
- labial-velar nasal Template:IPA
- uvular ejective Template:IPA
- uvular nasal Template:IPA
- uvular trill Template:IPA
- voiced uvular fricative Template:IPA
- voiced uvular implosive Template:IPA
- voiced uvular plosive Template:IPA
- voiceless uvular fricative Template:IPA
- voiceless uvular plosive Template:IPA
(articulated with the throat)
- pharyngeal plosive Template:IPA
- voiced pharyngeal fricative Template:IPA
- voiceless pharyngeal fricative Template:IPA
- voiced pharyngeal trill Template:IPA
- voiceless pharyngeal trill Template:IPA
- voiceless glottal affricate Template:IPA (hat)
- murmured glottal affricate Template:IPA
- murmured glottal fricative or transition & approximant Template:IPA (ahead)
- voiceless glottal fricative or transition & approximant Template:IPA (high)
- glottal plosive Template:IPA
- creaky-voiced glottal approximant Template:IPA
Ordered by manner of articulation
- Pulmonic consonants
- bilabial nasal Template:IPA
- voiceless bilabial nasal Template:IPA
- labiodental nasal Template:IPA
- dental nasal Template:IPA
- alveolar nasal Template:IPA
- voiceless alveolar nasal Template:IPA
- retroflex nasal Template:IPA
- voiceless retroflex nasal Template:IPA
- palatal nasal Template:IPA
- voiceless palatal nasal Template:IPA
- velar nasal Template:IPA
- voiceless velar nasal Template:IPA
- uvular nasal Template:IPA
- voiceless bilabial plosive Template:IPA
- voiced bilabial plosive Template:IPA
- voiceless dental plosive Template:IPA
- voiced dental plosive Template:IPA
- voiceless alveolar plosive Template:IPA
- voiced alveolar plosive Template:IPA
- voiceless retroflex plosive Template:IPA
- voiced retroflex plosive Template:IPA
- voiceless palatal plosive Template:IPA
- voiced palatal plosive Template:IPA
- voiceless velar plosive Template:IPA
- voiced velar plosive Template:IPA
- voiceless uvular plosive Template:IPA
- voiced uvular plosive Template:IPA
- epiglottal plosive Template:IPA
- glottal plosive Template:IPA
- Sibilant fricatives
- voiceless alveolar sibilant Template:IPA
- voiced alveolar sibilant Template:IPA
- voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant Template:IPA
- voiced palato-alveolar sibilant Template:IPA
- voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant (palatalized postalveolar) Template:IPA
- voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant Template:IPA
- voiceless retroflex sibilant Template:IPA
- voiced retroflex sibilant Template:IPA
- Central non-sibilant fricatives
- voiceless bilabial fricative Template:IPA
- voiced bilabial fricative Template:IPA
- voiceless labiodental fricative Template:IPA
- voiced labiodental fricative Template:IPA
- voiceless bidental fricative Template:IPA
- voiceless dental fricative Template:IPA
- voiced dental fricative Template:IPA
- voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative Template:IPA
- voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative Template:IPA
- voiceless palatal fricative Template:IPA
- voiced palatal fricative Template:IPA
- voiceless velar fricative Template:IPA
- voiced velar fricative Template:IPA
- voiceless uvular fricative Template:IPA
- voiceless pharyngeal fricative Template:IPA
- voiceless epiglottal fricative Template:IPA
- voiceless palatal-velar fricative (not possible) Template:IPA
- Lateral fricatives
- voiceless alveolar lateral fricative Template:IPA
- voiced alveolar lateral fricative Template:IPA
- voiceless retroflex lateral fricative Template:IPA
- voiceless palatal lateral fricative Template:IPA)
- voiceless velar lateral fricative Template:IPA)
- voiced velar lateral fricative Template:IPA
- both fricatives and approximants
- voiced uvular fricative Template:IPA
- voiced pharyngeal fricative Template:IPA
- voiced epiglottal fricative Template:IPA
- Pseudo-fricatives
- Sibilant affricates
- voiceless postalveolar affricate Template:IPA
- voiced postalveolar affricate Template:IPA
- voiceless alveolar affricate Template:IPA
- voiced alveolar affricate Template:IPA
- voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate Template:IPA
- voiced alveolo-palatal affricate Template:IPA
- voiceless retroflex affricate Template:IPA
- voiced retroflex affricate Template:IPA
- Fricated alveolar clicks Template:IPA (also voiced, nasalized, etc.)
- Non-sibilant affricates
- Voiceless bilabial affricate Template:IPA
- Voiceless bilabial-labiodental affricate Template:IPA
- Voiceless labiodental affricate Template:IPA
- Voiced labiodental affricate Template:IPA
- Voiceless dental affricate Template:IPA
- Voiced dental affricate Template:IPATemplate:Dubious
- Voiceless retroflex nonsibilant affricate Template:IPA
- Voiced retroflex nonsibilant affricate Template:IPATemplate:Dubious
- voiceless palatal affricate Template:IPA
- voiced palatal affricate Template:IPA
- Voiceless velar affricate Template:IPA
- Voiced velar affricate Template:IPATemplate:Dubious
- Voiceless uvular affricate Template:IPA
- Voiced uvular affricate Template:IPATemplate:Dubious
- Voiceless epiglottal affricate Template:IPA
- Lateral affricates
- voiceless alveolar lateral affricate Template:IPA
- voiced alveolar lateral affricate Template:IPA
- Voiceless palatal lateral affricate Template:IPA
- Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate Template:IPATemplate:Dubious
- Voiceless velar lateral affricate Template:IPA
- Voiced velar lateral affricate Template:IPATemplate:Dubious
- bilabial approximant Template:IPA
- labiodental approximant Template:IPA
- dental approximant Template:IPA
- alveolar approximant Template:IPA
- alveolar lateral approximant Template:IPA
- velarized alveolar lateral approximant Template:IPA
- retroflex approximant Template:IPA
- retroflex lateral approximant Template:IPA
- palatal approximant Template:IPA
- palatal lateral approximant Template:IPA
- nasal palatal approximant Template:IPA
- labialized palatal approximant Template:IPA Template:IPA
- velar approximant Template:IPA
- velar lateral approximant Template:IPA
- labialized velar approximant (voiced) Template:IPA
- voiceless labialized velar approximant Template:IPA
- nasal labialized velar approximant Template:IPA
- uvular approximant Template:IPA
- pharyngeal approximant Template:IPA
- epiglottal approximant Template:IPA
- voiced glottal approximant (murmured) Template:IPA
- voiceless glottal approximant Template:IPA
- voiceless nasal glottal approximant Template:IPA
- bilabial flap Template:IPA
- labiodental flap Template:IPA
- alveolar flap Template:IPA
- alveolar lateral flap Template:IPA
- retroflex flap Template:IPA
- retroflex lateral flap Template:IPA
- palatal lateral flap Template:IPA
- uvular flap Template:IPA
- velar lateral flap Template:IPA
- epiglottal flap Template:IPA
- bilabial trill Template:IPA
- alveolar trill Template:IPA
- alveolar fricative trill Template:IPA
- retroflex trill
- uvular trill Template:IPA
- epiglottal trill
- Approximants
- Fricatives
- Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative Template:IPA
- Voiced alveolar lateral fricative Template:IPA
- Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative Template:IPA
- Voiceless palatal lateral fricative Template:IPA
- Voiced velar lateral fricative Template:IPA
- Voiceless velar lateral fricative Template:IPA
- Affricates
- Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate Template:IPA
- Voiced alveolar lateral affricate Template:IPA
- Voiceless palatal lateral affricate Template:IPA
- Ejective palatal lateral affricate Template:IPA
- Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate Template:IPA
- Ejective retroflex lateral affricate Template:IPA
- Voiced velar lateral affricate Template:IPA
- Voiceless velar lateral affricate Template:IPA
- Ejective velar lateral affricate Template:IPA
- Flaps
- Alveolar lateral flap Template:IPA
- Retroflex lateral flap Template:IPA
- Palatal lateral flap Template:IPA
- Ejective
- Clicks
- Plosives
- bilabial ejective Template:IPA
- dental ejective Template:IPA
- alveolar ejective Template:IPA
- retroflex ejective Template:IPA
- palatal ejective Template:IPA
- velar ejective Template:IPA
- uvular ejective Template:IPA
- Affricates
- alveolar ejective affricate Template:IPA
- palato-alveolar ejective affricate Template:IPA
- retroflex ejective affricate Template:IPA
- alveolo-palatal ejective affricate Template:IPA
- dental ejective affricate Template:IPA
- palatal lateral ejective affricate Template:IPA
- velar ejective affricate Template:IPA
- uvular ejective affricate Template:IPA
- alveolar lateral ejective affricate Template:IPA
- velar lateral ejective affricate Template:IPA
- Fricatives
- bilabial ejective fricative Template:IPATemplate:Citation needed
- labiodental ejective fricative Template:IPA
- dental ejective fricative Template:IPA
- alveolar ejective fricative Template:IPA
- palato-alveolar ejective fricative Template:IPA
- alveolo-palatal ejective fricative Template:IPA
- retroflex ejective fricative Template:IPA
- palatal ejective fricative Template:IPA
- velar ejective fricative Template:IPA
- uvular ejective fricative Template:IPA
- pharyngeal ejective fricative Template:IPATemplate:Citation needed
- alveolar lateral ejective fricative Template:IPA
- velar lateral ejective fricative Template:IPATemplate:Citation needed
- voiced bilabial implosive Template:IPA
- voiceless bilabial implosive Template:IPA
- voiced dental implosive Template:IPA
- voiced alveolar implosive Template:IPA
- voiceless alveolar implosive Template:IPA
- voiced retroflex implosive Template:IPA
- voiced palatal implosive Template:IPA
- voiceless palatal implosive Template:IPA
- voiced velar implosive Template:IPA
- voiceless velar implosive Template:IPA
- voiced uvular implosive Template:IPA
- voiceless uvular implosive Template:IPA
- Plosives
- voiceless labialized velar plosive Template:IPA
- voiced labialized velar plosive Template:IPA
- Voiceless labialized labial-velar plosive Template:IPA
- voiceless labialized uvular plosive Template:IPA
- voiced labialized uvular plosive Template:IPA
- Fricatives
- voiceless labialized velar fricative Template:IPA Template:IPA
- voiced labialized velar fricative Template:IPA
- voiceless labialized uvular fricative Template:IPA
- voiced labialized uvular fricative Template:IPA
- Approximants
- labialized palatal approximant Template:IPA Template:IPA
- (voiced) labialized velar approximant Template:IPA
- voiceless labialized velar approximant Template:IPA
- nasal labialized velar approximant Template:IPA
- voiced palatalized postalveolar fricative Template:IPA
- voiceless palatalized postalveolar fricative Template:IPA
- voiced palatalized postalveolar affricate Template:IPA
- voiceless palatalized postalveolar affricate Template:IPA
- voiceless palatalized velar plosive Template:IPA
- voiceless pharyngealized alveolar sibilant Template:IPA
- voiced pharyngealized alveolar sibilant Template:IPA
- voiceless pharyngealized alveolar plosive Template:IPA
- voiced pharyngealized alveolar plosive Template:IPA
- voiceless pharyngealized dental fricative Template:IPA
- voiced pharyngealized dental fricative Template:IPA
- voiceless pharyngealized alveolar lateral fricative Template:IPA
- voiced pharyngealized alveolar lateral fricative Template:IPA
- pharyngealized glottal stop Template:IPA
- pharyngealized alveolar lateral approximant Template:IPA
- pharyngealized alveolar nasal Template:IPA
- Voiceless velarized alveolar sibilant Template:IPA
- Voiced velarized dental fricative Template:IPA
- Voiceless velarized alveolar plosive Template:IPA
- Velarized alveolar flap Template:IPA
- Voiceless velarized uvular plosive Template:IPA
- Voiceless velarized uvular fricative Template:IPA
- Voiced velarized uvular fricative Template:IPA
- Voiceless velarized alveolar lateral fricative Template:IPA
- Voiced velarized alveolar lateral fricative Template:IPA
- Velarized alveolar lateral approximant Template:IPA Template:IPA
- Voiceless labioglottal plosiveTemplate:IPA
- Voiceless alveologlottal plosiveTemplate:IPA
- Voiceless veloglottal plosiveTemplate:IPA
- Voiced glottalized alveolar nasal Template:IPA
- Voiced glottalized alveolar plosive Template:IPA
- Voiced glottalized dental fricative Template:IPA
- Breathy-voiced bilabial nasal Template:IPA
- Breathy-voiced bilabial plosive Template:IPA
- Breathy-voiced alveolar plosive Template:IPA
- Breathy-voiced velar plosive Template:IPA
The less common clicks, such as are found in Taa, are not included.
- Simple clicks
- bilabial clicks (= Template:Angbr IPA)
- either velar:
- voiceless bilabial click Template:IPA
- voiced bilabial click Template:IPA
- bilabial nasal click Template:IPA
- or uvular:
- Template:IPA
- dental clicks (= Template:Angbr IPA)
- either velar:
- voiceless dental click Template:IPA
- voiced dental click Template:IPA
- dental nasal click Template:IPA
- or uvular:
- Template:IPA
- (post)alveolar click (= Template:Angbr IPA)
- either velar:
- voiceless alveolar click Template:IPA
- voiced alveolar click Template:IPA
- alveolar nasal click Template:IPA
- or uvular:
- Template:IPA
- alveolar lateral clicks (= Template:Angbr IPA)
- retroflex clicks (= Template:Angbr IPA)
- either velar:
- voiceless retroflex click Template:IPA
- voiced retroflex click Template:IPA
- retroflex nasal click Template:IPA
- or uvular:
- Template:IPA
- palatal clicks (= Template:Angbr IPA)
- either velar:
- voiceless palatal click Template:IPA
- voiced palatal click Template:IPA
- palatal nasal click Template:IPA
- or uvular:
- Template:IPA
- velar (uvular clicks not shown):
- glottalized bilabial nasal click Template:IPA
- glottalized dental nasal click Template:IPA
- glottalized alveolar nasal click Template:IPA
- glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click Template:IPA
- glottalized retroflex nasal click Template:IPA
- glottalized palatal nasal click Template:IPA
- voiceless bilabial linguo-pulmonic stop Template:IPA
- voiced bilabial linguo-pulmonic stop Template:IPA
- voiceless dental linguo-pulmonic stop Template:IPA
- voiced dental linguo-pulmonic stop Template:IPA
- voiceless alveolar linguo-pulmonic stop Template:IPA
- voiced alveolar linguo-pulmonic stop Template:IPA
- voiceless alveolar lateral linguo-pulmonic stop Template:IPA
- voiced alveolar lateral linguo-pulmonic stop Template:IPA
- voiceless retroflex linguo-pulmonic stop Template:IPA
- voiced retroflex linguo-pulmonic stop Template:IPA
- voiceless palatal linguo-pulmonic stop Template:IPA
- voiced palatal linguo-pulmonic stop Template:IPA
- voiceless bilabial linguo-pulmonic affricate Template:IPA
- voiced bilabial linguo-pulmonic affricate Template:IPA
- voiceless dental linguo-pulmonic affricate Template:IPA
- voiced dental linguo-pulmonic affricate Template:IPA
- voiceless alveolar linguo-pulmonic affricate Template:IPA
- voiced alveolar linguo-pulmonic affricate Template:IPA
- voiceless alveolar lateral linguo-pulmonic affricate Template:IPA
- voiced alveolar lateral linguo-pulmonic affricate Template:IPA
- voiceless retroflex linguo-pulmonic affricate Template:IPA
- voiced retroflex linguo-pulmonic affricate Template:IPA
- voiceless palatal linguo-pulmonic affricate Template:IPA
- voiced palatal linguo-pulmonic affricate Template:IPA
- bilabial linguo-glottalic stop Template:IPA
- dental linguo-glottalic stop Template:IPA
- alveolar linguo-glottalic stop Template:IPA
- alveolar lateral linguo-glottalic stop Template:IPA
- retroflex linguo-glottalic stop Template:IPA
- palatal linguo-glottalic stop Template:IPA
- bilabial linguo-glottalic affricate Template:IPA
- dental linguo-glottalic affricate Template:IPA
- alveolar linguo-glottalic affricate Template:IPA
- alveolar lateral linguo-glottalic affricate Template:IPA
- retroflex linguo-glottalic affricate Template:IPA
- palatal linguo-glottalic affricate Template:IPA
These are not found in any language, but occur as phonetic detail or through speech defects.
- bilabial percussive Template:IPA
- bidental percussive Template:IPA
- Sublaminal lower-alveolar percussive Template:IPA
See also